Functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are of great interest due to wide range applications, especially in nanomedicine. However, they face challenges preventing their further applications such as rapid agglomeration, oxidation, etc. Appropriate surface modification of IONPs can conquer these barriers with improved physicochemical properties. This review summarizes recent advances in the surface modification of IONPs with small organic molecules, polymers and inorganic materials. The preparation methods, mechanisms and applications of surface-modified IONPs with different materials are discussed. Finally, the technical barriers of IONPs and their limitations in practical applications are pointed out, and the development trends and prospects are discussed.

Surface Modification of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles.

Modified iron oxide nanomaterials: Functionalization and application

Synthesis of magnetite/silica nanocomposites from natural sand to create a drug delivery vehicle

A method for highly sensitive and rapid detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, based on magnetic enrichment and magnetic separation, is described in this paper. The magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were applied to adsorb genome DNA after the sample was lysed. The DNA binding MNPs were directly subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify gyrB specific sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The biotin labeled PCR products were detected by chemiluminescence when they were successively incubated with the probes-modified MNPs and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) labeled streptavidin (SA). Agarose gel electrophoresis analyses approved the method of in situ PCR to be highly reliable. The factors which could affect the chemiluminiscence were studied in detail. The results showed that the MNPs of 400 nm in diameter are beneficial to the detection. The sequence length and the binding site of the probe with a target sequence have obvious effects on the detection. The optimal concentration of the probes, hybridization temperature and hybridization time were 10 μM, 60 oC and 60 mins, respectively. The method of in situ PCR based on MNPs can greatly improve the utilization rate of the DNA template ultimately enhancing the detection sensitivity. Experiment results proved that the primer and probe had high specificity, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was successfully detected with detection limits as low as 10 cfu/mL by this method, while the detection of a single Pseudomonas aeruginosa can also be achieved.

/pdf/highly-sensitive-and-rapid-detection-of-pseudomonas-5ftfjp5g0q.pdf

Highly sensitive and rapid detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on magnetic enrichment and magnetic separation.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/276/1/012046/pdf

Synthesis and Characterization of Fe3O4/SiO2 nanocomposites

We present a systematic study on the preparation, characteration and potential application of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles. Fe3O4 nanoparticles of controllable diameters were successfully synthesized by solvothermal system with tuning pH. The magnetic properties of nanoparticles were measured by vibration sample magnetometer. Fe3O4@ SiO2 nanoparticles were obtained via classic Stober process. Streptavidin coated Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by covalent interaction. The quantity of streptavidin bound to nanoparticles was determined by UV-Vis spectrometer. To evaluate the binding efficiency and capacity of nucleic acid on nanoparticles, the capture of biotinylated oligonucleotide on streptavidin coated Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles at different concentration was estimated by fluorescence detection. Both Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles exhibited well crystallization and magnetic properties. The maximal amount of streptavidin immobilized onto the Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles was 29.3 microg/mg. The saturation ratio of biotinylated oligonucleotides captured on streptavidin coated Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles was 5 microM/mg within 20 minutes, indicating that FeO4@SiO2 nanoparticles immobilized by streptavidin were excellent carriers in nucleic acid analysis due to their convenient magnetic-separation property. Therefore, the synthesized Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles with controllable size and high magnetic saturation have shown great application potentials in nucleic acid research.

Synthesis of size-controlled Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles for nucleic acid analysis.

An improved procedure was described for preparation of monodisperse Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell magnetic microspheres via solvothermal method followed by a modified Stober process. The magnetic composite microspheres were characterized with TEM, SEM, FTIR and VSM. Genomic DNA was then extracted from human whole blood using the as synthesized magnetic microspheres on the Eppendorf epMotion5075 workstation. The quality of eluted DNA was evaluated by PCR. The method was very expeditious without using toxic compounds such as phenol or chloroform and can be used for further molecular biology experiments.

Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell magnetic microspheres for extraction of genomic DNA from human whole blood.

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Synthesis of size-controlled Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles for nucleic acid analysis.

Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell magnetic microspheres for extraction of genomic DNA from human whole blood.