In China, formal long-term care services for the large aging population have increased to meet escalating demands as demographic shifts and socioeconomic changes have eroded traditional elder care. We analyze China’s evolving long-term care landscape and trace major government policies and private-sector initiatives shaping it. Although home and community-based services remain spotty, institutional care is booming with little regulatory oversight. Chinese policy makers face mounting challenges overseeing the rapidly growing residential care sector, given the tension arising from policy inducements to further institutional growth, a weak regulatory framework, and the lack of enforcement capacity. We recommend addressing the following pressing policy issues: building a balanced system of services and avoiding an “institutional bias” that promotes rapid growth of elder care institutions over home or community-based care; strengthening regulatory oversight and quality assurance with information systems; and p...

/pdf/china-s-rapidly-aging-population-creates-policy-challenges-19x59bdp6c.pdf

China’s Rapidly Aging Population Creates Policy Challenges In Shaping A Viable Long-Term Care System

Based on the 2006 wave of the China General Social Survey, this paper analyses interregional disparities in residential satisfaction in urban China. It also explores whether the determinants vary across the coastal, central and inland regions by means of a multi-group structural equation model (SEM). We find that residential satisfaction in the coastal region is lower than in the central and inland regions. Housing quality, home ownership, community type, socioeconomic status and Hukou in all three regions have positive impacts on residential satisfaction, while the presence of children has a negative effect. The magnitude of each variable’s impact on residential satisfaction varies across regions due to the disparities in economic, social and physical conditions. Housing quality is the most important determinant of residential satisfaction in the coastal region, whereas community type and Hukou are the most important in the central and inland regions.

/pdf/determinants-of-residential-satisfaction-in-urban-china-a-2evlvxygwt.pdf

Determinants of residential satisfaction in urban China: A multi-group structural equation analysis

Chapter 1. Introduction: Social Policy of the Changing Economic State.- Chapter 2. China and the Bio medicalization of Aging: Implications and Possibilities.- Chapter 3. Aging: The Role of Work and Workplace Implications - Changing Expectations in the US and China.- Chapter 4. Pensions and Social Assistance: The Development of Income Security Policies for Old People in China.- Chapter 5. Rural Old Age Support in Transitional China: Efforts between Family and State.- Chapter 6. Social Policy, Family Support, and Rural Elder Care.- Chapter 7. China's Family Support System: Impact of Rural-Urban Female Labor Migration.- Chapter 8. The Utility of Enhancing Filial Piety for Eldercare in China.- Chapter 9. Gendered Social Capital and Health Outcomes among Older Adults in China.- Chapter 10. An East-West Approach to Mind-Body Health of Chinese Elderly.- Chapter 11. Family Caregiving and Impact on Caregiver Mental Health: A Study in Shanghai .- Chapter 12. Housing Stratification and Aging in Urban China.- Chapter 13. Institutional Care.- Chapter 14. Chaning Welfare Institution and Evolution of Chinese Nonprofit Organizations: The Story of Elder Care Homes in Urban Shanghai.- Chapter 15. Aging Policy Integrative Appraisal System (Apias) in the Asia Pacific Region: A Case Study on Macao Special Administrative Region.

Aging in China: implications to social policy of a changing economic state

Objectives: To test the independent and combined impact of social cohesion and geographic locale (urban/rural) on quality of life (QoL) for older adults in China. Using conditional process analysis, we tested three hypotheses: (1) QoL will be lower for persons living alone than those who live with family; (2) social cohesion will mediate the association of living arrangement and QoL; and (3) geographic locale will moderate direct and indirect pathways in the mediation model. Design:
 Cross-sectional data from WHO Study on Global Aging and Adult Health (SAGE) (China, Wave 1, 2007–2010). Setting:
 National probability sample of 74 primary sampling units in China, 32 in urban, and 32 in rural areas. Participants:
 A total of 9,663 adults aged 50 years and older. Measurements:
 We measured QOL with the 8-item version of the WHOQOL-Bref; living arrangement as alone versus with family; and social cohesion with an 9-item index of frequency of a range of social activities in the previous 12 months. We controlled for sociodemographic characteristics and health and mental health variables in multivariate analyses. Results:
 Data supported the first two hypotheses; however, the mediating effects of social cohesion held only in urban areas. Conclusion:
 This study advances the large body of work on living arrangements and well-being of older adults in China. Social cohesion contributed to better QoL regardless of living arrangement, and cohesion mediated the association of living arrangement and QOL in urban but not rural areas. Programs and policies that strengthen social cohesion through older adults’ community involvement, especially in urban areas, will help to enhance QoL.

Living alone, social cohesion, and quality of life among older adults in rural and urban China: a conditional process analysis.

In this article, we explore the subjective well-being of empty nesters who lived in rural eastern China (N = 967). The Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness is used to measure subj...

The aging population in China: Subjective well-being of empty nesters in rural eastern China

Grounded in a literature review, current living arrangements and housing conditions of the elderly in China are investigated with new empirical evidence. Survey data of September 2009 included a total of 692 Chinese households with a focus on elderly members. Major findings are: (1) living arrangements of the Chinese elderly were diverse, but the majority were living independently, or in “empty nests,” with 67.8% of the respondents not living with their adult children; (2) housing and community facilities for the elderly were inadequate (especially those serving the disabled); (3) no significant group difference was found in the utilization of public facilities by the elderly; (4) the workplace (Danwei) was no longer a dominant source of housing assistance; and (5) housing conditions and property rights as part of the social stratification in China reflected different occupational statuses before retirement.

/pdf/aging-living-arrangements-and-housing-in-china-31fbw6ojty.pdf

Aging, Living Arrangements, and Housing in China

This article investigates the current housing reality and subjective appraisal of the elderly in China by presenting the latest empirical evidence. Based on a literature review, survey data of September 2009 were analyzed, which included 692 Chinese households with a focus on their elderly members. Major findings were the following: (1) affordability was an outstanding issue, with 56.6% of the elderly respondents feeling overburdened by housing costs; (2) facilities in the homes were less of an issue than their community facilities, which were inadequate especially for the handicapped; (3) the elderly respondents as a whole seemed to enjoy their housing property, though significant differences in homeownership and residential satisfaction were found among them; (4) differences were also found among the elderly in terms of access to healthcare (including emergency help), transportation, and housing environment; and (5) residential satisfaction of the elderly were related to their occupational status before...

A Study of Residential Condition and Satisfaction of the Elderly in China

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Aging, Living Arrangements, and Housing in China

A Study of Residential Condition and Satisfaction of the Elderly in China