Alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogen production is a promising approach to address the severe energy crisis. Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) provide an important place for the electrochemical reaction and multiphase...

Key components and design strategy of membrane electrode assembly for alkaline water electrolysis

Abstract The lack of high-performance and substantial supply of anion-exchange membranes is a major obstacle to future deployment of relevant electrochemical energy devices. Here, we select two isomers (m-terphenyl and p-terphenyl) and balance their ratio to prepare anion-exchange membranes with well-connected and uniformly-distributed ultramicropores based on robust chemical structures. The anion-exchange membranes display high ion-conducting, excellent barrier properties, and stability exceeding 8000 h at 80 °C in alkali. The assembled anion-exchange membranes present a desirable combination of performance and durability in several electrochemical energy storage devices: neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries (energy efficiency of 77.2% at 100 mA cm −2 , with negligible permeation of redox-active molecules over 1100 h), water electrolysis (current density of 5.4 A cm −2 at 1.8 V, 90 °C, with durability over 3000 h), and fuel cells (power density of 1.61 W cm −2 under a catalyst loading of 0.2 mg cm −2 , with open-circuit voltage durability test over 1000 h). As a demonstration of upscaled production, the anion-exchange membranes achieve roll-to-roll manufacturing with a width greater than 1000 mm. 

/pdf/upscaled-production-of-an-ultramicroporous-anion-exchange-3frrs375.pdf

Upscaled production of an ultramicroporous anion-exchange membrane enables long-term operation in electrochemical energy devices

Fuel cell technology is a clean way of generating energy and should enable carbon neutrality. However, although traditional proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have made a commercial impact, their high cost hinders their wider adoption. Fuel cells that use anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are a promising alternative to PEMFCs, as they can achieve the same performance at a lower cost. In this Perspective, recent trends in the fabrication of polymer‐based high‐performance AEMs are highlighted and future directions are identified. Since ensuring the durability of polymers in strong alkaline conditions is the most critical issue in the development of AEM fuel cells, strategies for the formation of polymers with chemical stability, mechanical stability, and ionic conductivity are primarily focused on. Successes in polymer design are expected to inaugurate the next generation of AEMs and trigger a fresh wave of innovation, leading to the development of long‐lasting fuel cells that reduce carbon emissions and facilitate sustainable development.

Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells: State‐of‐the‐Art and Perspectives

Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) and water electrolysis (AEMWE) show great application potential in the field of hydrogen energy conversion technology. However, scalable anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with desirable properties are still lacking, which greatly hampers the commercialization of this technology. Herein, we propose a series of novel multiblock AEMs based on ether-free poly(biphenyl ammonium-b-biphenyl phenyl)s (PBPA-b-BPPs) that are suitable for use in high performance AEMFC and AEMWE systems because of their well-formed microphase separation structures. The developed AEMs achieved outstanding OH- conductivity (162.2 mS cm-1 at 80 °C) with a low swelling ratio, good alkaline stability, and excellent mechanical durability (tensile strength >31 MPa and elongation at break >147 % after treatment in 2 M NaOH at 80 °C for 3750 h). A PBPA-b-BPP-based AEMFC demonstrated a remarkable peak power density of 2.41 W cm-2 and in situ durability for 330 h under 0.6 A cm-2 at 70 °C. An AEMWE device showed a promising performance (6.25 A cm-2 at 2 V, 80 °C) and outstanding in situ durability for 3250 h with a low voltage decay rate (<28 μV h-1 ). The newly developed PBPA-b-BPP AEMs thus show great application prospects for energy conversion devices. 

Durable Multiblock Poly(biphenyl alkylene) Anion Exchange Membranes with Microphase Separation for Hydrogen Energy Conversion.

Cross-linking is a widely employed process to improve the dimensional stability of anion exchange membranes (AEMs). However, crosslinking often comes at the expense of ion exchange capacity and ionic conductivity....

/pdf/dimensional-stable-multication-crosslinked-poly-arylene-myxpktvh.pdf

Dimensional stable multication-crosslinked poly(arylene piperidinium) membranes for water electrolysis

Soluble poly(aryl piperidinium) with extended aromatic segments as anion exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cells and water electrolysis

A stable ion-solvating PBI electrolyte enabled by sterically bulky naphthalene for alkaline water electrolysis

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Soluble poly(aryl piperidinium) with extended aromatic segments as anion exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cells and water electrolysis

A stable ion-solvating PBI electrolyte enabled by sterically bulky naphthalene for alkaline water electrolysis