We demonstrate the generation of 1.1 J pulses of picosecond duration at 1 kHz repetition rate (1.1 kW average power) from a diode-pumped chirped pulse amplification Yb:YAG laser. The laser employs cryogenically cooled amplifiers to generate λ=1030nm pulses with average power of up to 1.26 kW prior to compression with excellent beam quality. Pulses are compressed to 4.5 ps duration with 90% efficiency. This compact picosecond laser will enable a variety of applications that require high energy ultrashort pulses at kilohertz repetition rates.

1.1 J Yb:YAG picosecond laser at 1 kHz repetition rate

We report on the successful demonstration of the world’s first kW average power, 100 Joule-class, high-energy, nanosecond pulsed diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL), DiPOLE100. Results from the first long-term test for amplification will be presented; the system was operated for 1 hour with 10 ns duration pulses at 10 Hz pulse repetition rate and an average output energy of 105 J and RMS energy stability of approximately 1%. The laser system is based on scalable cryogenic gas-cooled multi-slab ceramic Yb:YAG amplifier technology. The DiPOLE100 system comprises three major sub-systems, a spatially and temporally shaped front end, a 10 J cryo-amplifier and a 100 J cryo-amplifier. The 10 J cryo-amplifier contain four Yb:YAG ceramic gain media slabs, which are diode pumped from both sides, while a multi-pass architecture configured for seven passes enables 10 J of energy to be extracted at 10 Hz. This seeds the 100 J cryo-amplifier, which contains six Yb:YAG ceramic gain media slabs with the multi-pass configured for four passes. Our future development plans for this architecture will be introduced including closed-loop pulse shaping, increased energy, higher repetition rates and picosecond operation. This laser architecture unlocks the potential for practical applications including new sources for industrial materials processing and high intensity laser matter studies as envisioned for ELI [1], HiLASE [2], and the European XFEL [3]. Alternatively, it can be used as a pump source for higher repetition rate PW-class amplifiers, which can themselves generate high-brightness secondary radiation and ion sources leading to new remote imaging and medical applications.

100J-level nanosecond pulsed Yb:YAG cryo-cooled DPSSL amplifier

/pdf/nanosecond-laser-damage-of-metallic-mirrors-5czsuor2xt.pdf

Nanosecond laser damage of metallic mirrors

The “Bivoj” 10 J, 10 ns, 10 Hz, Yb:YAG (1030 nm) diode-pumped solid state laser (DPSSL) at the HiLASE Centre was used to investigate the laser-induced damage of optical glasses with different refractive index (BK7, SF8, FS, LIBA2000). The samples were polished using a combination of methods and cleaned in ultrasonic bath or with ion beams. Sample surface was characterized using white-light interferometry (WLI) and laser confocal microscopy (LCM). For the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT), an S-on-1 procedure was selected, the testing taking place in accordance with the ISO 21254 standard. Due to the high energy per pulse of the “Bivoj” system we were capable of using beams with more than 500 μm diameter (using a long focusing mirror) and thus, including different surface defect in the LIDT measurement. The damage of the glasses was usually observed on the rear side (ballistic damage) due to constructive interference, however we manage to see on few samples front damage also. Values above 50 J/cm2 were common for all tested samples.

Laser induced damage in optical glasses using nanosecond pulses at 1030 nm

With numerous manufacturers providing different laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) values in the nanosecond regime, a simple ranking based on numbers alone may not provide a clear picture of the best choice. Variations in testing procedures, albeit following the ISO 21254 standard, further complicate the selection process. By employing a comprehensive 1-on-1 test procedure, it becomes possible to observe various parameters that influence LIDT values. When sharing test results within the community, adhering to good practices and meticulous attention to the error budget and its contributors are crucial. Above all, laser optics users must comprehend the intricacies of laser-induced damage testing and seek detailed information instead of relying solely on numerical comparisons. This study explores the challenges and considerations in selecting and testing laser optics, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive approach.

Influence of laser beam size on the determination of LIDT

In this paper we present details of the commissioning of DiPOLE100, a kW-class nanosecond pulsed diode pumped solid
state laser (DPSSL), at the HiLASE Centre at Dolni Břežany in the Czech Republic. The laser system, built at the
Central Laser Facility (CLF), was dismantled, packaged, shipped and reassembled at HiLASE over a 12 month period by
a collaborative team from the CLF and HiLASE. First operation of the laser at the end of 2016 demonstrated
amplification of 10 ns pulses at 10 Hz pulse repetition rate to an energy of 105 J at 1029.5 nm, representing the world’s
first kW average power, high-energy, nanosecond pulsed DPSSL. To date DiPOLE100 has been operated for over
2.5 hours at energies in excess of 100 J at 10 Hz, corresponding to nearly 105 shots, and has demonstrated long term
energy stability of less than 1% RMS for continuous operation over 1 hour. This confirms the power scalability of multislab
cryogenic gas-cooled amplifier technology and demonstrates its potential as a laser driver for next generation
scientific, industrial, and medical applications.

Commissioning of a kW-class nanosecond pulsed DPSSL operating at 105 J, 10 Hz

We report on the development of a 100 J, 10 Hz cryogenic gas cooled multi-slab Yb:YAG DPSSL system capable of generating temporally shaped pulses from 2 ns to 15 ns. This system will be used for high energy density (HED) experiments at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) facility.

100J-level cryogenic gas cooled DPSSL for high energy density experiments at the European XFEL facility

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Commissioning of a kW-class nanosecond pulsed DPSSL operating at 105 J, 10 Hz

100J-level cryogenic gas cooled DPSSL for high energy density experiments at the European XFEL facility