We investigate the weakly-supervised audio-visual video parsing task, which aims to parse a video into temporal event segments and predict the audible or visible event categories. The task is challenging since there only exist video-level event labels for training, without indicating the temporal boundaries and modalities. Previous works take the overall event labels to supervise both audio and visual model predictions. However, we argue that such overall labels harm the model training due to the audio-visual asynchrony. For example, commentators speak in a basketball video, but we cannot visually find the speakers. In this paper, we tackle this issue by leveraging the cross-modal correspondence of audio and visual signals. We generate reliable event labels individually for each modality by swapping audio and visual tracks with other unrelated videos. If the original visual/audio data contain event clues, the event prediction from the newly assembled data would still be highly confident. In this way, we could protect our models from being misled by ambiguous event labels. In addition, we propose the cross-modal audio-visual contrastive learning to induce temporal difference on attention models within videos, i.e., urging the model to pick the current temporal segment from all context candidates. Experiments show we outperform state-of-the-art methods by a large margin.

/pdf/exploring-heterogeneous-clues-for-weakly-supervised-audio-kp0bok8c23.pdf

Exploring Heterogeneous Clues for Weakly-Supervised Audio-Visual Video Parsing

Dense video captioning is a task of localizing interesting events from an untrimmed video and producing textual description (captions) for each localized event. Most of the previous works in dense video captioning are solely based on visual information and completely ignore the audio track. However, audio, and speech, in particular, are vital cues for a human observer in understanding an environment. In this paper, we present a new dense video captioning approach that is able to utilize any number of modalities for event description. Specifically, we show how audio and speech modalities may improve a dense video captioning model. We apply automatic speech recognition (ASR) system to obtain a temporally aligned textual description of the speech (similar to subtitles) and treat it as a separate input alongside video frames and the corresponding audio track. We formulate the captioning task as a machine translation problem and utilize recently proposed Transformer architecture to convert multi-modal input data into textual descriptions. We demonstrate the performance of our model on ActivityNet Captions dataset. The ablation studies indicate a considerable contribution from audio and speech components suggesting that these modalities contain substantial complementary information to video frames. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth analysis of the ActivityNet Caption results by leveraging the category tags obtained from original YouTube videos. Code is publicly available: this http URL

Multi-modal Dense Video Captioning

In this paper, we introduce a new problem, named audio-visual video parsing, which aims to parse a video into temporal event segments and label them as either audible, visible, or both. Such a problem is essential for a complete understanding of the scene depicted inside a video. To facilitate exploration, we collect a Look, Listen, and Parse (LLP) dataset to investigate audio-visual video parsing in a weakly-supervised manner. This task can be naturally formulated as a Multimodal Multiple Instance Learning (MMIL) problem. Concretely, we propose a novel hybrid attention network to explore unimodal and cross-modal temporal contexts simultaneously. We develop an attentive MMIL pooling method to adaptively explore useful audio and visual content from different temporal extent and modalities. Furthermore, we discover and mitigate modality bias and noisy label issues with an individual-guided learning mechanism and label smoothing technique, respectively. Experimental results show that the challenging audio-visual video parsing can be achieved even with only video-level weak labels. Our proposed framework can effectively leverage unimodal and cross-modal temporal contexts and alleviate modality bias and noisy labels problems.

Unified Multisensory Perception: Weakly-Supervised Audio-Visual Video Parsing

In this work, we introduce Vid2Seq, a multi-modal single-stage dense event captioning model pretrained on narrated videos which are readily-available at scale. The Vid2Seq architecture augments a language model with special time tokens, allowing it to seamlessly predict event boundaries and textual descriptions in the same output sequence. Such a unified model requires large-scale training data, which is not available in current annotated datasets. We show that it is possible to leverage unlabeled narrated videos for dense video captioning, by reformulating sentence boundaries of transcribed speech as pseudo event boundaries, and using the transcribed speech sentences as pseudo event captions. The resulting Vid2Seq model pretrained on the YT-Temporal-1B dataset improves the state of the art on a variety of dense video captioning benchmarks including YouCook2, ViTT and ActivityNet Captions. Vid2Seq also generalizes well to the tasks of video paragraph captioning and video clip captioning, and to few-shot settings. Our code is publicly available at https://antoyang.github.io/vid2seq.html.

Vid2Seq: Large-Scale Pretraining of a Visual Language Model for Dense Video Captioning

/pdf/unified-multisensory-perception-weakly-supervised-audio-25hg20it0t.pdf

Multi-modal learning, particularly among imaging and linguistic modalities, has made amazing strides in many high-level fundamental visual understanding problems, ranging from language grounding to dense event captioning. However, much of the research has been limited to approaches that either do not take audio corresponding to video into account at all, or those that model the audio-visual correlations in service of sound or sound source localization. In this paper, we present the evidence, that audio signals can carry surprising amount of information when it comes to high-level visual-lingual tasks. Specifically, we focus on the problem of weakly-supervised dense event captioning in videos and show that audio on its own can nearly rival performance of a state-of-the-art visual model and, combined with video, can improve on the state-of-the-art performance. Extensive experiments on the ActivityNet Captions dataset show that our proposed multi-modal approach outperforms state-of-the-art unimodal methods, as well as validate specific feature representation and architecture design choices.

/pdf/watch-listen-and-tell-multi-modal-weakly-supervised-dense-t3niiurex0.pdf

Watch, Listen and Tell: Multi-Modal Weakly Supervised Dense Event Captioning

Watch, Listen and Tell: Multi-modal Weakly Supervised Dense Event Captioning.

The goal of scene graph generation is to predict a graph from an input image, where nodes correspond to identified and localized objects and edges to their corresponding interaction predicates. Existing methods are trained in a fully supervised manner and focus on message passing mechanisms, loss functions, and/or bias mitigation. In this work we introduce a simple-yet-effective self-supervised relational alignment regularization designed to improve the scene graph generation performance. The proposed alignment is general and can be combined with any existing scene graph generation framework, where it is trained alongside the original model's objective. The alignment is achieved through distillation, where an auxiliary relation prediction branch, that mirrors and shares parameters with the supervised counterpart, is designed. In the auxiliary branch, relational input features are partially masked prior to message passing and predicate prediction. The predictions for masked relations are then aligned with the supervised counterparts after the message passing. We illustrate the effectiveness of this self-supervised relational alignment in conjunction with two scene graph generation architectures, SGTR and Neural Motifs, and show that in both cases we achieve significantly improved performance.

Self-Supervised Relation Alignment for Scene Graph Generation

Multi-modal Large Language Models (LLM) have advanced conversational abilities but struggle with providing live, interactive step-by-step guidance, a key capability for future AI assistants. Effective guidance requires not only delivering instructions but also detecting their successful execution, as well as identifying and alerting users to mistakes, all of which has to happen in real-time. This requires models that are not turn-based, but that can react asynchronously to a video stream, as well as video data showing users performing tasks including mistakes and their corrections. To this end, we introduce Qualcomm Interactive Cooking, a new benchmark and dataset built upon CaptainCook4D, which contains user mistakes during task execution. Our dataset and benchmark features densely annotated, timed instructions and feedback messages, specifically including mistake alerts precisely timestamped to their visual occurrence in the video. We evaluate state-of-the-art multi-modal LLMs on the Qualcomm Interactive Cooking benchmark and introduce LiveMamba, a streaming multi-modal LLM designed for interactive instructional guidance. This work provides the first dedicated benchmark and a strong baseline for developing and evaluating on live, situated coaching.

https://export.arxiv.org/pdf/2511.21998v1.pdf

Can Multi-Modal LLMs Provide Live Step-by-Step Task Guidance?

Sequence decoding is one of the core components of most visual-lingual models. However, typical neural decoders when faced with decoding multiple, possibly correlated, sequences of tokens resort to simple independent decoding schemes. In this paper, we introduce a consistent multiple sequence decoding architecture, which is while relatively simple, is general and allows for consistent and simultaneous decoding of an arbitrary number of sequences. Our formulation utilizes a consistency fusion mechanism, implemented using message passing in a Graph Neural Network (GNN), to aggregate context from related decoders. This context is then utilized as a secondary input, in addition to previously generated output, to make a prediction at a given step of decoding. Self-attention, in the GNN, is used to modulate the fusion mechanism locally at each node and each step in the decoding process. We show the efficacy of our consistent multiple sequence decoder on the task of dense relational image captioning and illustrate state-of-the-art performance (+ 5.2% in mAP) on the task. More importantly, we illustrate that the decoded sentences, for the same regions, are more consistent (improvement of 9.5%), while across images and regions maintain diversity.

Consistent multiple sequence decoding

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