Three year study of tropospheric ozone with back trajectories at a metropolitan and a medium scale urban area in Greece

. In recent years wildland fires in the United States have had significant
impacts on local and regional air quality and negative human health
outcomes. Although the primary health concerns from wildland fires come from
fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), large increases in ozone (O 3 )
have been observed downwind of wildland fire plumes (DeBell et al., 2004;
Bytnerowicz et al., 2010; Preisler et al., 2010; Jaffe et al., 2012;
Bytnerowicz et al., 2013; Jaffe et al., 2013; Lu et al., 2016; Lindaas et
al., 2017; McClure and Jaffe, 2018; Liu et al., 2018; Baylon et al., 2018;
Buysse et al., 2019). Conditions generated in and around wildland fire
plumes, including the presence of interfering chemical species, can make the
accurate measurement of O 3 concentrations using the ultraviolet (UV)
photometric method challenging if not impossible. UV photometric method
instruments are prone to interferences by volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
that are present at high concentrations in wildland fire smoke. Four
different O 3 measurement methodologies were deployed in a mobile
sampling platform downwind of active prescribed grassland fire lines in
Kansas and Oregon and during controlled chamber burns at the United States
Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station Fire Sciences Laboratory in
Missoula, Montana. We demonstrate that the Federal Reference Method (FRM)
nitric oxide (NO) chemiluminescence monitors and Federal Equivalent Method
(FEM) gas-phase (NO) chemical scrubber UV photometric O 3 monitors are
relatively interference-free, even in near-field combustion plumes. In
contrast, FEM UV photometric O 3 monitors using solid-phase catalytic
scrubbers show positive artifacts that are positively correlated with carbon
monoxide (CO) and total gas-phase hydrocarbon (THC), two indicator species
of biomass burning. Of the two catalytic scrubber UV photometric methods
evaluated, the instruments that included a Nafion® tube dryer
in the sample introduction system had artifacts an order of magnitude
smaller than the instrument with no humidity correction. We hypothesize that
Nafion®-permeating VOCs (such as aromatic
hydrocarbons) could be a significant source of interference for catalytic
scrubber UV photometric O 3 monitors and that the inclusion of a
Nafion® tube dryer assists with the mitigation of
these interferences. The chemiluminescence FRM method is highly recommended
for accurate measurements of O 3 in wildland fire plume studies and at
regulatory ambient monitoring sites frequently impacted by wildland fire
smoke.

/pdf/comparison-of-ozone-measurement-methods-in-biomass-burning-2zbd7wj1p3.pdf

Comparison of ozone measurement methods in biomass burning smoke: an evaluation under field and laboratory conditions.

The Nevada Rural Ozone Initiative (NVROI): Insights to understanding air pollution in complex terrain

The Third National Climate Assessment (NCA) process for the United States focused in part on developing a system of indicators to communicate key aspects of the physical climate, climate impacts, vulnerabilities, and preparedness to inform decisionmakers and the public. Initially, 13 active teams were formed to recommend indicators in a range of categories, including forest, agriculture, grassland, phenology, mitigation, and physical climate. This publication describes the work of the Forest Indicators Technical Team. We briefly describe the NCA indicator system effort, propose and explain our conceptual model for the forest system, present our methods, and discuss our recommendations. Climate is only one driver of changes in U.S. forests; other drivers include socioeconomic drivers such as population and culture, and other environmental drivers such as nutrients, light, and disturbance. We offer additional details of our work for transparency and to inform an NCA indicator Web portal. We recommend metrics for 11 indicators of climate impacts on forest, spanning the range of important aspects of forest as an ecological type and as a sector. Some indicators can be reported in a Web portal now; others need additional work for reporting in the near future. Indicators such as budburst, which are important to forest but more relevant to other NCA indicator teams, are identified. Potential indicators that need more research are also presented.

Indicators of climate impacts for forests: recommendations for the US National Climate Assessment indicators system

Wildland fire smoke is visible and detectable with remote sensing technology. Using this technology to assess ground level pollutants and the impacts to human health and exposure is more difficult. We found the presence of satellite derived smoke plumes for more than a couple of hours in the previous three days has significant impact on the chances of ground level ozone values exceeding the norm. While the magnitude of the impact will depend on characteristics of fires such as size, location, time in transport, or ozone precursors produced by the fire, we demonstrate that information on satellite derived smoke plumes together with site specific regression models provide useful information for supporting causal relationship between smoke from fire and ozone exceedances of the norm. Our results indicated that fire seasons increasing the median ozone level by 15 ppb. However, they seem to have little impact on the metric used for regulatory compliance, in particular at urban sites, except possibly during the 2008 forest fires in California.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/10/1131/pdf

Determining the Impact of Wildland Fires on Ground Level Ambient Ozone Levels in California

https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/bytnerowicz/psw_2013_bytnerowicz001.pdf

Surface ozone at the Devils Postpile National Monument receptor site during low and high wildland fire years

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Surface ozone at the Devils Postpile National Monument receptor site during low and high wildland fire years