Lewisratsimmunized withrecombinant vaccinia virus expressing thenucleocapsid (N)protein ofmeasles virus were protected fromencephalitis whensubsequently challenged by intracerebral infection with neurotropic measles virus. Immunized ratsrevealed polyvalent antibodies totheN protein ofmeasles virus in theabsence ofany neutralizing antibodies aswellas an N protein-specific proliferative lymphocyte response. Depletion ofCD8+T lymphocytes didnotabrogate theprotective potential oftheN protein-specific cell-mediated immuneresponseinrats, while protection could beadoptively transfered withNprotein-specific CD4+T lymphocytes. Theseresults indicate that a CD4+cell-mediated immuneresponsespecific fortheN protein ofmeasles virus issufficient tocontrol measles virus infections ofthecentral nervoussystem. Measlesisa highly contagious disease whichcan be prevented byalive attenuated measles virus (MV)vaccine. Nevertheless, theinfection isnotcontrolled inmostpartsof theworld, andup totwomillion patients still dieannually frommeasles (20). Mostmeasles-associated deaths result frombacterial superinfections oftherespiratory andgastrointestinal tracts. However,central nervous system(CNS) complications occurinabout1in1,000 children andremain a significant causeofpermanentneurological morbidity and mortality. Inaddition, MV isetiologically involved insubacutesclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), whichdevelops after persistent MV infection inbrain tissue (1,26). Moreover,a riseinmeasles cases was recently observed in industrialized countries. Morethan50%ofthese measles caseswere seen among previously vaccinated patients (5). Whiletheroleofthehumoral measles-specific immune response,particularly against theviral hemagglutinin (H) andfusion (F)glycoproteins, fortheprevention ofmeasles is wellestablished, little isknownabout cell-mediated immune (CMI)reactions. Clinical studies haveshownthat overcomingacutemeasles requires a competentCMIsystemtoclear theMV infection. Although itwas shownthatlymphocytes ofhumanhighresponders can bestimulated toproliferate whencultured inthepresenceofpurified MV H,F,phosphoprotein (P), nucleocapsid (N),andmatrix (M)proteins (22), data arenotavailable about therole ofindividual MV structural proteins fortheinduction ofCMIreactions andits involvement inacutemeasles aswell asinMV complications oftheCNS.Theaimofthepresent study was toinvestigate theeffect ofan immuneresponse totheMV N protein expressed byrecombinant vaccinia virus (VV)withregard to MV-induced encephalitis inLewisrats.

Measles VirusNucleocapsid Protein Protects RatsfromEncephalitis

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Measles VirusNucleocapsid Protein Protects RatsfromEncephalitis