Recently a novel DNA virus (Torque Teno Virus (TTV) has been identified in Japan and shown to be associated with elevated aminotransferase s levels after transfusion. However the exact role of TTV in pathogenesis of liver disease is yet to be established. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of TTV in thalassemic patients and its relationship with elevated alanine-aminotransfrase (ALT) and aspartateaminotransfrase (AST). This cross-sectional analysis study was conducted on 452 thallasemic patients. Serums were collected from all of the patients, first ALT and AST levels were determined. Then, after DNA extraction, TTV DNA was amplified and detected using semi-nested PCR, followed by gel electrophoresis. Demographic characteristics and clinical data were collected from each participant for statistical analysis. The findings showed that 160 of 452 (35.4%) samples had TTV DNA detected by PCR. From 160 TTV DNA positive, 98 (61.20%) were female and 62 (38.80%) of them were male (P=0.549). The mean ALT and AST values in TTV positive group were higher than in TTV negative group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.0001). The result showed that the prevalence of TTV in thalassemic patients in Jahrom is less than other studies in Iran and the mean ALT and AST values in TTV positive individuals were about 2 times more than in TTV negative individuals.

/pdf/molecular-prevalence-and-clinical-importance-of-torque-teno-2fi9z1ixeg.pdf

Molecular Prevalence and Clinical Importance of Torque Teno Virus Infection in Thalassemia Patients as High Risk Individuals

/pdf/2020-esc-guidelines-on-sports-cardiology-and-exercise-in-4he1udph9m.pdf

2020 ESC Guidelines on sports cardiology and exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease.

The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system.

Adipose tissue plays essential roles in maintaining lipid and glucose homeostasis. To date several types of adipose tissue have been identified, namely white, brown, and beige, that reside in various specific anatomical locations throughout the body. The cellular composition, secretome, and location of these adipose depots define their function in health and metabolic disease. In obesity, adipose tissue becomes dysfunctional, promoting a pro-inflammatory, hyperlipidemic and insulin resistant environment that contributes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Concurrently, similar features that result from adipose tissue dysfunction also promote cardiovascular disease (CVD) by mechanisms that can be augmented by T2DM. The mechanisms by which dysfunctional adipose tissue simultaneously promote T2DM and CVD, focusing on adipose tissue depot-specific adipokines, inflammatory profiles, and metabolism, will be the focus of this review. The impact that various T2DM and CVD treatment strategies have on adipose tissue function and body weight also will be discussed.

/pdf/adipose-tissue-distribution-inflammation-and-its-metabolic-1sqn0lux0q.pdf

Adipose Tissue Distribution, Inflammation and Its Metabolic Consequences, Including Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease.

The Task Force on sports cardiology and exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)

/pdf/rekomendatsii-esc-po-sportivnoi-kardiologii-i-fizicheskim-27mkw0q2uo.pdf

Effects of exercise training on chronic inflammation in obesity : current evidence and potential mechanisms.

Background: Alterations of endocannabinoid system in adipose tissue play an important role in lipid regulation and metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether gene expression levels of cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) are different in subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue, and whether hypocaloric diet and aerobic exercise influence subcutaneous adipose tissue CB1 and FAAH gene expression in obese women. Methods: Thirty overweight or obese, middle-aged women (BMI = 34.3 ± 0.8 kg/m 2 , age = 59 ± 1 years) underwent one of three 20-week weight loss interventions: caloric restriction only (CR, N = 9), caloric restriction plus moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (CRM, 45-50% HRR, N = 13), or caloric restriction plus vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise (CRV, 70-75% HRR, N = 8). Subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue samples were collected before and after the interventions to measure CB1 and FAAH gene expression. Results: At baseline, FAAH gene expression was higher in abdominal, compared to gluteal adipose tissue (2.08 ± 0.11 vs. 1.78 ± 0.10, expressed as target gene/b-actin mRNA ratio × 10 -3 , P < 0.05). Compared to pre-intervention, CR did not change abdominal, but decreased gluteal CB1 (Δ = -0.82 ± 0.25, P < 0.05) and FAAH (Δ = -0.49 ± 0.14, P < 0.05) gene expression. CRM or CRV alone did not change adipose tissue CB1 and FAAH gene expression. However, combined CRM and CRV (CRM+CRV) decreased abdominal adipose tissue FAAH gene expression (Δ = -0.37 ± 0.18, P < 0.05). The changes in gluteal CB1 and abdominal FAAH gene expression levels in the CR alone and the CRM+CRV group were different (P < 0.05) or tended to be different (P = 0.10).

/pdf/adipose-tissue-endocannabinoid-system-gene-expression-depot-13wm6tx4t4.pdf

Adipose tissue endocannabinoid system gene expression: depot differences and effects of diet and exercise

Objective To investigate the effects of obesity and exercise training on regional adipose tissue angiogenesis and hypoxia markers in rats. Methods Lean (Fa/Fa) and obese (fa/fa) male Zucker rats at 2months of age were randomly assigned to a sedentary or an exercise training group (lean sedentary: n=7, lean exercise: n=8, obese sedentary: n=7, obese exercise: n=8). The exercise group walked on a rat treadmill 5 times per week for 8weeks. Inguinal and epididymal adipose tissue vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and lactate levels were determined. Results There were significant effects of obesity in increasing inguinal (P Conclusions Exercise training increased adipose tissue VEGF-A, an important factor of tissue angiogenesis, and lowered adipose tissue lactate, an indicator of adipose tissue hypoxia in obese rats. However, these effects are depot-specific and only observed in intra-abdominal adipose tissue.

Effects of exercise training on indicators of adipose tissue angiogenesis and hypoxia in obese rats.

IntroductionHypogonadism is associated with obesity and other features of metabolic syndrome in males.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare lean and obese male Zucker rats on their reproductive endocrine function in response to aerobic exercise training.MethodsLean (Fa/Fa) and obes

Aerobic Exercise Training Attenuates Obesity-Related Hypogonadism in Male Rats

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Papers

Effects of exercise training on chronic inflammation in obesity : current evidence and potential mechanisms.

Adipose tissue endocannabinoid system gene expression: depot differences and effects of diet and exercise

Effects of exercise training on indicators of adipose tissue angiogenesis and hypoxia in obese rats.

Aerobic Exercise Training Attenuates Obesity-Related Hypogonadism in Male Rats