We have computed the loop-induced processes of neutralino annihilation into two photons and, for the first time, into a photon and a Z
 0 boson in the framework of the NMSSM. The photons produced from these radiative modes are monochromatic and possess a clear “smoking gun” experimental signature. This numerical analysis has been done with the help of the SloopS code, initially developed for automatic one-loop calculation in the MSSM. We have computed the rates for different benchmark points coming from SUGRA and GMSB soft SUSY breaking scenarios and compared them with the MSSM. We comment on how this signal can be enhanced, with respect to the MSSM, especially in the low mass region of the neutralino. We also discuss the possibility of this observable to constrain the NMSSM parameter space, taking into account the latest limits from the FERMI collaboration on these two modes.

/pdf/loop-induced-photon-spectral-lines-from-neutralino-29wk1fq44l.pdf

Loop-induced photon spectral lines from neutralino annihilation in the NMSSM

This paper presents a thermal mass flow meter designed to measure the liquid CO 2 mass flow rate in an upgraded mechanically pumped two-phase cooling system for the experiment of Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) on the International Space Station. A computational fluid dynamics model is built to investigate the fluid flow and heat transfer process and to finalize the design. Experimental results under steady-state and transient-state are obtained in a thermal vacuum chamber simulating the space environment to qualify the design and performance. Results show the mass flow predictions are consistent with the direct measurements of a Coriolis flow meter within 10% over a flow range from 1.5 g/s to 3.5 g/s. The designed flow meter shows a potential application in the fluid flow control for space thermal cooling systems.

Design and application of thermal mass flow meter in space

Four different thermal-vacuum tests were performed on AMICA Star Tracker (AST) in the period March-July 2006 in the space simulator of the SERMS laboratory in TerniItaly. Each of these tests was designed to verify different AST camera design features. The Thermal Balance test was conceived to validate the thermo-elastic model of the instrument and the active and passive thermal control subsystems. The Thermal Vacuum Cycling test was conceived to validate the AST electronics operative and survival temperature limits under vacuum conditions. The worst hot and cold operative and survival limits of the lens and filters in the AST optical system were assessed by means of the “Sun in the lens” and Lens Cold tests.

The AMS Star Tracker thermal qualification overview

Particles are accelerated in cosmic sites probably under conditions very different from those at terrestrial particle accelerator laboratories. Nevertheless, specific experiments which explore plasma conditions and stimulate particle acceleration carry significant potential to illuminate some aspects of the cosmic particle acceleration process. Here we summarize our understanding of cosmic particle acceleration, as derived from observations of the properties of cosmic ray particles, and through astronomical signatures caused by these near their sources or throughout their journey in interstellar space. We discuss the candidate-source object variety, and what has been learned about their particle-acceleration characteristics. We conclude identifying open issues as they are discussed among astrophysicists. – 
The cosmic ray differential intensity spectrum across energies from 1010 eV to 1021 eV reveals a rather smooth power-law spectrum. Two kinks occur at the “knee” (≃1015 eV) and at the “ankle” (≃ 3×1018 eV). It is unclear if these kinks are related to boundaries between different dominating sources, or rather related to characteristics of cosmic-ray propagation. Currently we believe that galactic sources dominate up to 1017 eV or even above, and the extragalactic origin of cosmic rays at highest energies merges rather smoothly with galactic contributions throughout the 1015–1018 eV range. Pulsars and supernova remnants are among the prime candidates for galactic cosmic-ray production, while nuclei of active galaxies are considered best candidates to produce ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays of extragalactic origin.
The acceleration processes are probably related to shocks formed when matter is ejected into surrounding space from energetic sources such as supernova explosions or matter accreting onto black holes. Details of shock acceleration are complex, as relativistic particles modify the structure of the shock, and simple approximations or perturbation calculations are unsatisfactory. This is where laboratory plasma experiments are expected to contribute, to enlighten the non-linear processes which occur under such conditions.

Particle Acceleration in Cosmic Sites - Astrophysics Issues in our Understanding of Cosmic Rays

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a particle detector designed to search for anti-matter, dark matter and the origin of cosmic rays in space. A superconducting magnet has been developed to generate 0.78 T field at the center. The magnet system consists of a pair of large “dipole” coils together with two series of six racetrack coils, arranged circumferentially in order to minimize the stray field. The coils, series connected, are wound with an aluminum-stabilized mono-strand NbTi conductor and are cooled by a superfluid helium circuit. The superconducting magnet was successfully tested up to the operating current of 410 A, however the decision was taken to equip the spectrometer with a NdFeB permanent magnet in order to maximize the experiment life. The paper describes the results of the superconducting magnet tests and in particular analyses an anomalous increasing of the coil temperature during magnet charging.

Results From the Testing of the AMS Space Superconducting Magnet

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS)

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The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS)