Most drugs have been discovered in random screens or by exploiting information about macromolecular receptors One source of this information is in the structures of critical proteins and nucleic acids The structure-based approach to design couples this information with specialized computer programs to propose novel enzyme inhibitors and other therapeutic agents Iterated design cycles have produced compounds now in clinical trials The combination of molecular structure determination and computation is emerging as an important tool for drug development These ideas will be applied to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and bacterial drug resistance

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/257/5073/1078.full.pdf

Structure-based strategies for drug design and discovery.

The preferred conformations of peptides heavily based on the currently extensively exploited achiral and chiral α-amino acids with a quaternary α-carbon atom, as determined by conformational energy computations, crystal-state (x-ray diffraction) analyses, and solution (1H-NMR and spectroscopic) investigations, are reviewed. It is concluded that 310/α-helical structures and the fully extended (C5) conformation are preferentially adopted by peptide sequences characterized by this family of amino acids, depending upon overall bulkiness and nature (e.g., whether acyclic or C ↔ C cyclized) of their side chains. The intriguing relationship between α-carbon chirality and bend/helix handedness is also illustrated. γ-Bends and semiextended conformations are rarely observed. Formation of β-sheet structures is prevented. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 60: 396–419, 2001

Control of peptide conformation by the Thorpe-Ingold effect (C alpha-tetrasubstitution).

The rhodium N-(arylsulfonyl)prolinate catalyzed decomposition of vinyldiazomethanes in the presence of alkenes leads to a very general method for the synthesis of functionalized cyclopropanes in a highly diastereoselective and enantioselective mode. A detailed study was undertaken to determine the key factors that control the enantioselectivity of this process. The highest levels of enantioselectivity were obtained using cyclic N-(arylsulfonyl)amino acids as ligands for the dirhodium catalyst, and the optimized catalyst was tetrakis[N-[(4-dodecylphenyl)sulfonyl]-(L)-prolinato]dirhodium. The carbenoid structure has a critical effect on the degree of asymmetric induction, and the combination of a small electron-withdrawing group such as a methyl ester and an electron-donating group such as vinyl or phenyl resulted in the highest levels of enantioselectivity. The use of electron neutral alkenes and pentane as solvent also enhanced the enantioselectivity of the process. The synthetic utility of this chemistry...

Asymmetric Cyclopropanations by Rhodium(II) N-(Arylsulfonyl)prolinate Catalyzed Decomposition of Vinyldiazomethanes in the Presence of Alkenes. Practical Enantioselective Synthesis of the Four Stereoisomers of 2-Phenylcyclopropan-1-amino Acid

Cyclopropane amino acids: 2,3- and 3,4-Methanoamino acids

Natural Occurrence, Syntheses, and Applications of Cyclopropyl-Group-Containing α-Amino Acids. 1. 1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic Acid and Other 2,3-Methanoamino Acids

Stereochemical and structural aspects of the variations in the C-terminal residue of L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester have been investigated. Novel configurational analogues such as L-aspartyl-D-alanine benzyl ester and L-aspartyl-D-alpha-aminobutyric acid benzyl ester were found to be sweet. In addition, chiral and achiral alpha, alpha-dialkylglycine and alpha-aminocycloalkanecarboxylic acids were incorporated into the dipeptides. The L-aspartic acid based dipeptide derivatives of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid methyl ester, alpha-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid methyl ester, alpha-aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid methyl ester, and alpha-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid methyl ester are sweet. Dipeptides with alpha-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid methyl ester and alpha-aminocycloheptanecarboxylic acid methyl ester are bitter, whereas the analogues with alpha-aminocyclooctanecarboxylic acid methyl ester, alpha, alpha-diethylglycine methyl ester, and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid benzyl ester are tasteless. Aspects on chirality and effective volume of the C-terminal residue are discussed and correlated with taste.

Peptide sweeteners. 6. Structural studies on the C-terminal amino acid of L-aspartyl dipeptide sweeteners

As a continuation of our program to study the structure-function relationship of the peptide hormone somatostatin, we report the synthesis and biological potencies of a series of cyclic hexapeptide analogs related to somatostatin. The parent peptide of this series was designed by Veber and coworkers, c[-Pro6-Phe7-D-Trp8-Lys9-Thr10-Phe11-], and has been reported to be superactive in the inhibition of the release of growth hormone. (The superscript numbers refer to the positions of residues in native somatostatin). The series of analogs has been designed to examine the role of the so-called bridging region, Phe11-Pro6, which has been postulated to be important in maintaining the proper conformation of the biologically active tetrapeptide, Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr. We have incorporated peptidomimetics and the retro-inverso modification into the bridging region of the molecule, with the aim of affecting the conformational preferences found in the parent peptide. Results from the biological assay--in vitro inhibition of growth hormone--and the conformational analysis (adjoining paper) of our analogs will provide insight into the relationship between structure and biological activity of somatostatin.

Cyclic hexapeptides related to somatostatin. Synthesis and biological testing.

Peptide sweeteners. 6. structural studies on the c-terminal amino acid of l-aspartyl dipeptide sweeteners

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Peptide sweeteners. 6. Structural studies on the C-terminal amino acid of L-aspartyl dipeptide sweeteners

Cyclic hexapeptides related to somatostatin. Synthesis and biological testing.

Peptide sweeteners. 6. structural studies on the c-terminal amino acid of l-aspartyl dipeptide sweeteners