Reverse micelles as hosts for proteins and small molecules.

Many physical phenomena are described by first-order differential equations whose solution is an exponential decay. Determining the time constants and amplitudes of exponential decays from the experimental data is a common task in semiconductor physics (deep level transient spectroscopy), biophysics (fluorescence decay analysis), nuclear physics and chemistry (radioactive decays, nuclear magnetic resonance), chemistry and electrochemistry (reaction kinetics) and medical imaging. This review article discusses the fundamental mathematical limitations of exponential analysis, outlines the critical aspects of acquisition of exponential transients for subsequent analysis, and gives a comprehensive overview of numerical algorithms used in exponential analysis. In the first part of the article the resolution of exponential analysis as a function of noise in input decays is discussed. It is shown that two exponential decays can be resolved in a transient only if the ratio of their time constants is greater than t...

Exponential analysis in physical phenomena

Solution behaviour of Aerosol OT in non-polar solvents

During the last few decades fluorescence spectroscopy has developed into an important and widely used technique in the physical, chemical, and biological sciences. The increasing sophistication of theory and methodology has permitted us to apply fluorescence techniques profitably to a variety of complex problems. A fundamental consideration in the spectroscopic analysis of any system is the degree of sample heterogeneity. We wish to know, for example, if the teterogeneity arises from a melange of fluorophores (this condition often reduces to the question of sample purity) as a consequence of solvent-fluorophore interactions or from the fluorophore per se. An exact quantitation of the nature and extent of the heterogeneity may be critical to our understanding of the origins of that phenomenon. These data have important implications whether the desired information concerns a compositional description for analytical purposes or whether the fluorophore is designed to probe the molecular environment.

/pdf/the-measurement-and-analysis-of-heterogeneous-emissions-by-46zsz03veo.pdf

The Measurement and Analysis of Heterogeneous Emissions by Multifrequency Phase and Modulation Fluorometry

From simple micelles in water, nearly spherical aggregates of amphiphilic molecules, to bicontinuous microemulsions, oil and water microheterogeneous mixtures stabilised by a surfactant film with both local and large-scale disordered structures, the world of surfactant-containing systems is fascinating. Depending on a subtle balance of attractive and repulsive interactions between molecules at interfaces, an extraordinarily rich polymorphism of aggregated structures can be observed. After summarising the basic general constraints controlling surfactant aggregation and the formation of interfaces, different structures of micelles and microemulsions are reviewed and related to interfacial film properties and the intermolecular interactions inside them.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0034-4885/53/3/002/pdf

The structure of micelles and microemulsions

Dynamics of macromolecular chains. I. Theory of motions on a tetrahedral lattice

Fluorescence anisotropy decay experiments are described for polystyrene in various ethylacetate-tripropionin mixtures. Decay curve trends agree with the proposed theoretical autocorrelation function. Study of the effects of viscosity shows that the mean relaxation time varies according to a nonlinear law for low viscosities and that the relaxation time θ, reflecting the effects of the possible departures from the motions permitted by an ideal tetrahedral lattice, obeys a law of the type: θ = α + bη. Furthermore, the effects of the direction of the fluorophore transition moment are examined.

Dynamics of macromolecular chains. III. Time-dependent fluorescence polarization studies of local motions of polystyrene in solution

In the preceding paper, general equations were established for the motions of chains confined to a tetrahedral lattice. In the present paper, bond orientation correlation and autocorrelation functions are explicitly calculated for the case where only three-bond elementary motions are considered. Effects due to the chain end are analyzed and the relaxation time distribution function is established. The expressions obtained reflect the influence of the chain structure. Finally, to characterize the dynamic behavior of chains in orientation relaxation experiments, the notion of an independent kinetic segment is proposed.

Dynamics of macromolecular chains. II. Orientation relaxation generated by elementary three-bond motions and notion of an independent kinetic segment

Analysis of time-dependent fluorescence experiments by the method of modulating functions with special attention to pulse fluorometry

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/pol.1975.180131116

Long‐time orientation relaxation for an internal bond of a chain

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