One aspect of agroforestry is the integration of indigenous species into appropriate land use systems. Some local trees and shrubs are particularly appreciated because of their value in human nutrition.

The contribution of wild plants to human nutrition in the Ferlo (Northern Senegal)

After a first foresight study on "World food security in 2050" (Agrimonde), CIRAD and INRA have turned their attention to a new foresight exercise on 'Land use and food security in 2050' (Agrimonde-Terra). This new study seeks to highlight levers that could modify ongoing land-use patterns for improved food and nutrition security. Agrimonde-Terra proposes a trend analysis on the global context, climate change, food diets, urban-rural linkages, farm structures, cropping and livestock systems, and explores five scenarios. Three scenarios entitled "Metropolization", "Regionalization" and "Households" are based on current competing trends identified in most world regions. Two scenarios entitled "Healthy" and "Communities" involve potential breaks that could change the entire land use and food security system. The "Healthy" scenario is the only one that makes it possible to achieve sustainable world food and nutrition security in 2050. Nevertheless, current trends in agricultural and food systems in most parts of the world converge towards the "Metropolization" scenario, which is not sustainable in terms of both land use and human health. Therefore, changing the course of ongoing trends in favor of sustainable land uses and healthy food systems will be one of the main challenges of the next decades. It will require systemic transformation, strong and coherent public policies across sectors and scales, and consistent actions from a wide range of actors. This foresight provides a large information base on land uses, food systems and food security and constitutes a tool box to stimulate debates, imagine new policies and innovations. It aims to empower decision makers, stakeholders, non-governmental organizations and researchers to develop a constructive dialogue on the futures of land uses and food security at either world, regional and national levels.

/pdf/land-use-and-food-security-in-2050-a-narrow-road-3lvu53fkl9.pdf

Land use and food security in 2050: a narrow road

Rainfall variability and inherent dry spells are a reality with severe implications for smallholder agro-ecosystems in semi-arid Sahel. To increase both on- and off-farm biomass production and productivity is challenging with these climate-induced temporal and spatial variations of water. This paper tests the idea that increased vegetation through tree cover may impact water balance in a water-stressed landscape: South-east Niger. Local rainfall data, farming systems data and a landscape water-modelling tool (ArcSWAT) are used. Four production domains (conventional or fertilized combined with millet crop or millet crop plus trees) were assessed for long-term yield and landscape water balance impacts. The dry-spell analysis shows a frequency of dry spells less than 14 days is in the order of one to two dry-spell events per season in 7 years out of 10 years. The occurrence has increased between 1960 and 2004, despite a slight recovery of total annual rainfall amounts since the severe droughts of the 1980s. ...

Coping with Rainfall Variability: Dry Spell Mitigation and Implication on Landscape Water Balances in Small-scale Farming Systems in Semi-arid Niger

G. MAHE, G. LIENOU, F. BAMBA, J. E. PATUREL, O. ADEAGA, L. DESCROIX, A. MARIKO, J. C. OLIVRY, S. SANGARE, A. OGILVIE & J. C. CLANET 1 IRD, Université Mohamed V Agdal, BP 8967, 10 000 Rabat Agdal, Morocco gil.mahe@ird.fr 2 Université Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun 3 Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs, Bamako, Mali 4 HydroSciences Montpellier, France 5 University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria 6 LTHE, Grenoble, France 7 Université de Bamako, Bamako, Mali 8 Carqueiranne, France 9 DNH, Conakry, Guinea 10 G-EAU joint research unit, IRD, Montpellier, France

Le fleuve Niger et le changement climatique au cours des 100 dernières années

Les trajectoires familiales mettent en evidence la perception qu’ont les eleveurs des crises et des aleas successifs qu’ils ont eu a affronter de maniere recurrente : secheresses, epidemies, insecurite, contraintes liees aux politiques d’amenagement. Face a ces differents facteurs mettant a l’epreuve la vulnerabilite des familles, les eleveurs ont developpe des reponses et des strategies dont l’efficacite est evaluee de maniere retrospective : diversification de la mobilite, acces aux aliments du betail, developpement de la pluriactivite, pratiques nouvelles contre l’insecurite... Au regard de ces analyses, on est conduit a s’interroger sur la pertinence des strategies de sedentarisation des pasteurs, l’agropastoralisme contraint par la perte d’une grande partie du betail n’offrant pas, en definitive, d’alternative viable socialement et economiquement.

Stratégies d’adaptation aux vulnérabilités du pastoralisme: Trajectoires de familles de pasteurs (1972-2010)

Plaidoyer pour un système d'information sur le pastoralisme au Sahel

Basin Focal Project Niger

1 Economist URP Pastoralism – Cirad-PPZS, Dakar, Senegal, awane@cirad.fr 2 Geographer URP Pastoralism – Cirad-PPZS, Dakar, Senegal, ibra.toure@cirad.fr 3 Pastoralist URP Pastoralism – Cirad-PPZS, Montpellier, France, Bernard.toutain@cirad.fr 4 Socio-economist URP Pastoralism – Cirad-PPZS, Dakar, Senegal, ppzsdkr@orange.sn 5 Veterinary-Pastoralist URP Pastoralism – ISRA-PPZS, Dakar, Senegal, amtadiop@orange.sn 6 Veterinary-Pastoralist URP Pastoralism – Cirad-PPZS Montpellier, France, aickowicz@cirad.fr

How to obtain a representative sample of economic studies in the areas with strong mobility? : Case of the Senegalese Sahel (Ferlo)

Pâturages de l'O.R.D. du Sahel et de la zone de délestage au Nord Est de Fada N'Gourma. (Haute Volta). 1. Les pâturages naturels et leur mise en valeur. 2. Les plantes. Ecologie, noms vernaculaires, intérêt fourrager. 3. cartographie

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Plaidoyer pour un système d'information sur le pastoralisme au Sahel

Basin Focal Project Niger

How to obtain a representative sample of economic studies in the areas with strong mobility? : Case of the Senegalese Sahel (Ferlo)

Pâturages de l'O.R.D. du Sahel et de la zone de délestage au Nord Est de Fada N'Gourma. (Haute Volta). 1. Les pâturages naturels et leur mise en valeur. 2. Les plantes. Ecologie, noms vernaculaires, intérêt fourrager. 3. cartographie