A review of small heat pipes for electronics

Parametric analysis of loop heat pipe operation: a literature review

Microscale temperature measurement at an evaporating liquid meniscus

Study on flow and heat transfer characteristics of heat pipe with axial “Ω”-shaped microgrooves

The loop heat pipe (LHP) is a passive two-phase heat transport device that is gaining importance as a part of spacecraft thermal control systems and also in applications such as in avionics cooling and submarines. A major advantage of a loop heat pipe is that the porous wick structure is confuned to the evaporator section, and connection between the evaporator and condenser sections is by smooth tubes, thus minimizing pressure drop. A brief overview of loop heat pipes with respect to basic fundamentals, construction details, operating principles, and typical operating characteristics is presented in this paper. Finally, the paper presents the current developments in modeling of thermohydraulics and design methodologies of LHPs.

Loop Heat Pipes: A Review of Fundamentals, Operation,and Design

Space Qualification Results of High Capacity Grooved Heat Pipes

High Capacity Grooved Heat Pipes

High performance Loop Heat Pipe (LHP) technology has advanced to the point that they are the baseline for thermal management for a lot of spacecraft applications. Temperature control and heat dissipation are performed in an efficient, and reliable way thanks to the LHP capillary pumping system. This article summarizes the objectives and performances of a secondary wick incorporated between evaporator and loop reservoir to get the optimum performances. Evaporator co-located with a reservoir is the baseline of LHP concept. This presentation will detail the reason why the thermal disconnection between the reservoir and the evaporator and their hydraulic coupling via a secondary wick is until today the best way to reach the optimum performances of LHP. Sometimes the secondary wick is combined with a bayonet. The article will compare the design without and with this bayonet in terms of impacts on secondary wick operation and performance limitations. The physical laws driving the secondary wick design are summarized. Their performance mapping and their impacts on the evaporator operation are shown. Finally the FLHP (Free LHP) concept is explained. This concept is intended to satisfy the needs of a freely located multi-evaporators loop. The article explains how secondary wicks are used when using evaporators not capillary linked to loop reservoir.

Secondary wick operation principle and performance mapping in LHP and FLHP evaporators

A two-dimensional model to calculate the radial heat transfer coefficient in a heat pipe evaporator with trapezoidal grooves is extended to highly efficient so-called `Re-Entrant' groove geometries. Results from the model are compared with experimental values. Good agreement is found. For further theoretical studies the heat transfer model is combined with liquid flow characteristics in axial groove direction. Based on these numerical studies, an advanced capillary structure is developed to improve the heat transfer coefficient. The new structure consists of the Re-Entrant grooves with additional micro grooves which are manufactured on top of them. It is modeled in a first attempt by superposition of two two-dimensional heat transfer models. A parameter study shows that for certain dimensions of the micro grooves the overall evaporative heat transfer coefficient considerably increases compared to the standard Re-Entrant groove geometry.

Theoretical Investigation of Advanced Capillary Structures in Grooved Heat Pipe Evaporators for Space Applications

Space Qualification of High Capacity Grooved Heat Pipes

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