Geological atlas of western and central Europe

Book Review: Geological atlas of Western and Central Europe. Ziegler, P. A. 1982. Elsevier (in collaboration with Shell International Petroleum). Amsterdam. 130 pp., 40 boxed enclosures. Price: US $68.00, DFL 160

Die Zugehörigkeit und Richtigkeit der Etiquette zu dem Fossil steht durch den petrographischen Charakter des feinen grauen Schieferthones mit vielen wohlerhaltenen Pflanzenresten, die das dortige Steinkohlengebirge bezeichnen , ausser allem Zweifel. Der Finder, der Einsender, sowie die Zeit des Fundes konnten weder durch die Inventarien noch durch die Handschrift des Bestimmers von dem Fossile ermittelt werden. Zwei genau auf einander passende Schieferthonplatten enthalten den Abdruck und den Gegendruck des wohl conservirten und scharf abgedrückten Fossils. Ein drittes Stück Schieferthon desselben Fundortes zeigt noch ein Bruchstück desselben Thieres, zum Beweise, dass es nicht so gar selten in diesen Schichten gewesen zu sein braucht. Der Gegenstand unserer Betrachtung ist der Abdruck einer rechten Schalenhälfte eines bivalvenartigen Thieres. Eine nähere Betrachtung desselben zeigt bald die Unrichtigkeit der obigen alten Bestimmung als Posidonomya oder Posidonia; denn der ganz an dem vorderen Ende des allerdings geraden Dorsalrandes (vergl. Taf. XVI., Fig. 1) gelegene Wirbel, um den herum die concentrische Runzelung sich über die ganze Valve zieht, widerspricht vollständig dem von H. Brosn auf-

Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft

Abstract The global Hangenberg Crisis near the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary (DCB) represents a mass extinction that is of the same scale as the so-called ‘Big Five’ first-order Phanerozoic events. It played an important role in the evolution of many faunal groups and destroyed complete ecosystems but affected marine and terrestrial environments at slightly different times within a short time span of c. 100–300 kyr. The lower crisis interval in the uppermost Famennian started as a prelude with a minor eustatic sea-level fall, followed rather abruptly by pantropically widespread black shale deposition (Hangenberg Black Shale and equivalents). This transgressive and hypoxic/anoxic phase coincided with a global carbonate crisis and perturbation of the global carbon cycle as evidenced by a distinctive positive carbon isotope excursion, probably as a consequence of climate/salinity-driven oceanic overturns and outer-shelf eutrophication. It is the main extinction level for marine biota, especially for ammonoids, trilobites, conodonts, stromatoporoids, corals, some sharks, and deeper-water ostracodes, but probably also for placoderms, chitinozoans and early tetrapods. Extinction rates were lower for brachiopods, neritic ostracodes, bryozoans and echinoderms. Extinction patterns were similar in widely separate basins of the western and eastern Prototethys, while a contemporaneous marine macrofauna record from high latitudes is missing altogether. The middle crisis interval is characterized by a gradual but major eustatic sea-level fall, probably in the scale of more than 100 m, that caused the progradation of shallow-water siliciclastics (Hangenberg Sandstone and equivalents) and produced widespread unconformities due to reworking and non-deposition. The glacio-eustatic origin of this global regression is proven by miospore correlation with widespread diamictites of South America and South and North Africa, and by the evidence for significant tropical mountain glaciers in eastern North America. This isolated and short-lived plunge from global greenhouse into icehouse conditions may follow the significant drawdown of atmospheric CO2 levels due to the prior massive burial of organic carbon during the global deposition of black shales. Increased carbon recycling by intensified terrestrial erosion in combination with the arrested burial of carbonates may have led to a gradual rise of CO2 levels, re-warming, and a parallel increase in the influx of land-derived nutrients. The upper crisis interval in the uppermost Famennian is characterized by initial post-glacial transgression and a second global carbon isotope spike, as well as by opportunistic faunal blooms and the early re-radiation of several fossil groups. Minor reworking events and unconformities give evidence for continuing smaller-scale oscillations of sea-level and palaeoclimate. These may explain the terrestrial floral change near the Famennian–Tournaisian boundary and contemporaneous, evolutionarily highly significant extinctions of survivors of the main crisis. Still poorly understood small-scale events wiped out the last clymeniid ammonoids, phacopid trilobites, placoderms and some widespread brachiopod and foraminiferan groups. The post-crisis interval in the lower Tournaisian is marked by continuing eustatic rise (e.g. flooding of the Old Red Continent), and significant radiations in a renewed greenhouse time. But the recovery had not yet reached the pre-crisis level when it was suddenly interrupted by the global, second-order Lower Alum Shale Event at the base of the middle Tournaisian.

The global Hangenberg Crisis (Devonian–Carboniferous transition): review of a first-order mass extinction

In this complete and thorough update of Arthur Boucot's seminal work, Evolutionary Paleobiology of Behavior and Coevolution, Boucot is joined by George Poinar, who provides additional expertise and knowledge on protozoans and bacteria as applied to disease. Together, they make the Fossil Behavior Compendium wider in scope, covering all relevant ani

Fossil Behavior Compendium

Revisiting the Silurian–Lower Devonian spiriferide and spiriferinide brachiopods from the Condroz Inlier and Ardenne Allochthon (Belgium): current data and perspectives

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Revisiting the Silurian–Lower Devonian spiriferide and spiriferinide brachiopods from the Condroz Inlier and Ardenne Allochthon (Belgium): current data and perspectives