Metal Oxides and Oxysalts as Anode Materials for Li Ion Batteries

Research to develop alternative electrode materials with high energy densities in Li-ion batteries has been actively pursued to satisfy the power demands for electronic devices and hybrid electric vehicles. This critical review focuses on anode materials composed of Group IV and V elements with their composites including Ag and Mg metals as well as transition metal oxides which have been intensively investigated. This critical review is devoted mainly to their electrochemical performances and reaction mechanisms (313 references).

Li-alloy based anode materials for Li secondary batteries.

Concepts for the incorporation of inorganic building blocks into organic polymers on a nanoscale

Isocyanate, and Non-isocyanate Polyurethane Etienne Delebecq,† Jean-Pierre Pascault,‡,§ Bernard Boutevin,† and Franco̧is Ganachaud*,†,‡,§ †Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253 CNRS, Ingeńierie et Architectures Macromolećulaires, Ecole Nationale Supeŕieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l’ećole normale, 34296 Montpellier, Cedex 05, France ‡INSA-Lyon, IMP, UMR5223, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France Universite ́ de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France

On the Versatility of Urethane/Urea Bonds: Reversibility, Blocked Isocyanate, and Non-isocyanate Polyurethane

Metal-mediated reductive hydrodehalogenation of organic halides.

A discrete unsymmetrically substituted dihydrodioxadistannetane with both η1 and intramolecular η2μ2 sulfonate bondings

A new synthetic scheme towards silica-supported organotrichlorotin derivatives has been developed. It involves the synthesis of (11-triethoxysilyl)undecyltricyclohexyltin, followed by sol–gel processing and, subsequently in the formation of the resulting hybrid silica, by electrophilic substitution of the tricyclohexyltin function by the target grafted trichlorotin using tin tetrachloride. HR-MAS 119Sn and CP-MAS 29Si NMR combined with N2-sorption and TEM measurements evidenced the formation of a mesoporous organic–inorganic hybrid silica including a functionally pure supported-organotrichlorotin species. This silica-grafted organotrichlorotin displays a satisfactory catalytic activity in the transesterification of ethyl acetate by 1-octanol. The catalyst could be recycled four times without significant loss of activity. Furthermore, tin leaching below 10 ppm evidences the benefits of the proposed strategy to limit tin contamination of the final products.

/pdf/silica-anchored-organotin-trichloride-a-recyclable-and-clean-4rwvxbk5uz.pdf

Silica-anchored organotin trichloride: a recyclable and clean organotin catalyst for transesterification reactions.

Insoluble polystyrene grafted Raman, solid-state 1 1 7 Sn NMR, and 1 H tion reaction of ethyl acetate with varicompounds of the type (P-H) ( 1 - t )[P- and 1 1 9 Sn high-resolution MAS NMR ous alcohols. These studies showed sig(CH 2 ) n SnBu P Cl 3 - p ] t , (P-H) ( 1 - t ) {P- spectroscopy. The influence of the nificant differences in the activity of (CH 2 ) n SnBuO} t and (P-H) ( 1 - t ) [{P- spacer length and the tin functionality the catalysts interpreted in terms of (CH 2 ) n SnBuCl} 2 O] t / 2 , in which (P-H) is on the catalytic activity of these com- changes in the mobility of the catalytic a cross-linked polystyrene; n=4, 6, and pounds, as well as their recycling abili- centres. Some of the supported cata11; p=0 and 1; and t the degree of ty, was assessed in the transesterifica- lysts could be recycled at least seven functionalisation, were synthesised times without noticeable loss of activifrom Amberlite XE-305, a polystyrene ty. The residual tin content in the reaccross-linked with divinylbenzene. The tion products was found to be as low as compounds were characterised by 3 ppm. using elemental analysis, and IR.

Alkylchlorotins grafted to cross-linked polystyrene beads by a -(CH2)n- spacer (n=4, 6, 11): selective, clean and recyclable catalysts for transesterification reactions.

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A discrete unsymmetrically substituted dihydrodioxadistannetane with both η1 and intramolecular η2μ2 sulfonate bondings

Silica-anchored organotin trichloride: a recyclable and clean organotin catalyst for transesterification reactions.

Alkylchlorotins grafted to cross-linked polystyrene beads by a -(CH2)n- spacer (n=4, 6, 11): selective, clean and recyclable catalysts for transesterification reactions.