The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector is described. The detector operates at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. It was conceived to study proton-proton (and lead-lead) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV (5.5 TeV nucleon-nucleon) and at luminosities up to 10(34)cm(-2)s(-1) (10(27)cm(-2)s(-1)). At the core of the CMS detector sits a high-magnetic-field and large-bore superconducting solenoid surrounding an all-silicon pixel and strip tracker, a lead-tungstate scintillating-crystals electromagnetic calorimeter, and a brass-scintillator sampling hadron calorimeter. The iron yoke of the flux-return is instrumented with four stations of muon detectors covering most of the 4 pi solid angle. Forward sampling calorimeters extend the pseudo-rapidity coverage to high values (vertical bar eta vertical bar <= 5) assuring very good hermeticity. The overall dimensions of the CMS detector are a length of 21.6 m, a diameter of 14.6 m and a total weight of 12500 t.

/pdf/the-cms-experiment-at-the-cern-lhc-4d2umuzboo.pdf

The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC

We present the FP420 R&D project, which has been studying the key aspects of the development and installation of a silicon tracker and fast-timing detectors in the LHC tunnel at 420 m from the interaction points of the ATLAS and CMS experiments. These detectors would measure precisely very forward protons in conjunction with the corresponding central detectors as a means to study Standard Model (SM) physics, and to search for and characterise new physics signals. This report includes a detailed description of the physics case for the detector and, in particular, for the measurement of Central Exclusive Production, pp?p++p, in which the outgoing protons remain intact and the central system may be a single particle such as a SM or MSSM Higgs boson. Other physics topics discussed are ?? and ?p interactions, and diffractive processes. The report includes a detailed study of the trigger strategy, acceptance, reconstruction efficiencies, and expected yields for a particular pp?pHp measurement with Higgs boson decay in the b mode. The document also describes the detector acceptance as given by the LHC beam optics between the interaction points and the FP420 location, the machine backgrounds, the new proposed connection cryostat and the moving (``Hamburg'') beam-pipe at 420 m, and the radio-frequency impact of the design on the LHC. The last part of the document is devoted to a description of the 3D silicon sensors and associated tracking performances, the design of two fast-timing detectors capable of accurate vertex reconstruction for background rejection at high-luminosities, and the detector alignment and calibration strategy.

/pdf/the-fp420-r-d-project-higgs-and-new-physics-with-forward-2ot14azt6n.pdf

The FP420 R&D Project: Higgs and New Physics with Forward Protons at the LHC

Proton–nucleus (p+A) collisions have long been recognized as a crucial component of the physics program with nuclear beams at high energies, in particular for their reference role to interpret and understand nucleus–nucleus data as well as for their potential to elucidate the partonic structure of matter at low parton fractional momenta (small-x). Here, we summarize the main motivations that make a proton–nucleus run a decisive ingredient for a successful heavy-ion program at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and we present unique scientific opportunities arising from these collisions. We also review the status of ongoing discussions about operation plans for the p+A mode at the LHC.

/pdf/proton-nucleus-collisions-at-the-lhc-scientific-3z8tkguwkn.pdf

Proton–nucleus collisions at the LHC: scientific opportunities and requirements

We review the methods which have been proposed for measuring masses of new particles at the Large Hadron Collider paying particular attention to the kinematical techniques suitable for extracting mass information when invisible particles are expected.

/pdf/a-review-of-the-mass-measurement-techniques-proposed-for-the-1xvr8rip73.pdf

A review of the mass measurement techniques proposed for the Large Hadron Collider

At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) it will become possible for the first time to investigate experimentally the forward region in hadron-hadron collisions via high-$p_T$ processes. In the LHC forward kinematics QCD logarithmic corrections in the hard transverse momentum and in the large rapidity interval may both be quantitatively significant. We analyze the hadroproduction of forward jets in the framework of QCD high-energy factorization, which allows one to resum consistently both kinds of corrections to higher orders in QCD perturbation theory. We compute the short-distance matrix elements needed to evaluate the factorization formula at fully exclusive level. We discuss numerically dynamical features of multi-gluon emission at large angle encoded in the factorizing high-energy amplitudes.

/pdf/forward-jet-production-at-the-large-hadron-collider-5710fgimwh.pdf

Forward Jet Production at the Large Hadron Collider

The CMS and TOTEM experiments intend to carry out a joint diffractive/forward physics program with an unprecedented rapidity coverage. The present document outlines some aspects of such a physics program, which spans from the investigation of the low-x structure of the proton to the diffractive production of a SM or MSSM Higgs boson.

Prospects for Diffractive and Forward Physics at the LHC

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Prospects for Diffractive and Forward Physics at the LHC