Keywords: a Vocabulary of Culture and Society

The extent to which member states transpose EU directives in a timely fashion is often argued to be strongly associated with the general effectiveness of national bureaucracies. But what kind of institutional solutions ensure better performance? This paper examines the patterns and effects of departmental oversight across 28 ministries in Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia. In mapping the strength of oversight, it relies on around 90 structured interviews regarding the rules-in-use on transposition planning, legal review and monitoring of deadlines. The analysis of the impact of departmental oversight is based on an original dataset of over 300 directives with transposition deadlines between January 2005 and December 2008.

On the european union

This article uses diary data from the most recent Australian Bureau of Statistics Time Use Survey (N > 4,000) to compare by gender total child care time calculated in the measurements of (1) main activity, (2) main or secondary activity, and (3) total time spent in the company of children. It also offers an innovative gender comparison of relative time spent in (1) the activities that constitute child care, (2) child care as double activity, and (3) time with children in sole charge. These measures give a fuller picture of total time commitment to children and how men and women spend that time than has been available in previous time use analyses. The results indicate that compared to fathering, mothering involves not only more overall time commitment but more multitasking, more physical labor, a more rigid timetable, more time alone with children, and more overall responsibility for managing care. These gender differences in the quantity and nature of care apply even when women work full-time.

/pdf/does-father-care-mean-fathers-share-a-comparison-of-how-uhqjk8d88x.pdf

Does Father Care Mean Fathers Share? A Comparison of How Mothers and Fathers in Intact Families Spend Time with Children

Technology is widely considered the main source of economic progress, but it has also generated cultural anxiety throughout history. The developed world is now suffering from another bout of such angst. Anxieties over technology can take on several forms, and we focus on three of the most prominent concerns. First, there is the concern that technological progress will cause widespread substitution of machines for labor, which in turn could lead to technological unemployment and a further increase in inequality in the short run, even if the long-run effects are beneficial. Second, there has been anxiety over the moral implications of technological process for human welfare, broadly defined. While, during the Industrial Revolution, the worry was about the dehumanizing effects of work, in modern times, perhaps the greater fear is a world where the elimination of work itself is the source of dehumanization. A third concern cuts in the opposite direction, suggesting that the epoch of major technological progress is behind us. Understanding the history of technological anxiety provides perspective on whether this time is truly different. We consider the role of these three anxieties among economists, primarily focusing on the historical period from the late 18th to the early 20th century, and then compare the historical and current manifestations of these three concerns.

https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/jep.29.3.31

The history of technological anxiety and the future of economic growth: Is this time different?

Replication data for: Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation

This article presents the main distinctive characteristics of the Nordic welfare states. These include, for example, full employment, high degree of equality, a high level of taxes and a high level of public spending on welfare. The article further presents data, which enables the reader to a comparison with welfare states in Europe and to analyse whether we are witnessing convergence in Europe and/or the withering away of the Nordic Model. The conclusion being that the Nordic Model is here to stay, although a movement in a European direction is underway.

/pdf/what-characterise-the-nordic-welfare-state-model-3t89bahdt1.pdf

What Characterise the Nordic Welfare State Model

The Nordic welfare model is undergoing a fundamental transformation. Using Denmark we show how a universal welfare state model is gradually being transformed into an emergent multi-tiered welfare state. Whereas the Danish pension system's having become multi-tiered in the 1990s, with private schemes – collective and individual – supplementing public schemes is well documented, scant attention has focused on more recent developments in other areas of the welfare state. This article shows how the multi-tiered welfare state spread in the 2000s to policies for families, the unemployed and the sick. Although Denmark still offers universal coverage in core welfare state areas, the increased use of occupational and fiscal welfare as well as changes in public schemes has gradually transformed the nation into a multi-tiered welfare state that is more dualistic and individualistic, with participation in the labour market becoming still more important for entitlement to benefits. These profound changes have taken place in such a way that although core characteristics are still in place, new structures and understandings of the welfare state are also developing. Thus classical typologies need revision, so that they include more focus on this combination of universality and institutional attachment to the labour market. Moreover, measures of what welfare comprises should include not only public but also private elements.

/pdf/has-the-nordic-welfare-model-been-transformed-4g1s8cxfu9.pdf

Has the Nordic Welfare Model Been Transformed

The Routledge Handbook of the Welfare State

Nordic welfare states are known for their universalistic and all-encompassing approach to welfare and having a long tradition for active labour market policy as tool in economic crises with adverse impact on employment. They have had a long tradition for strong egalitarian approaches and their residents are consistently among the happiest in the world. A key issue is whether a crisis like the COVID-19 outbreak is changing the Nordic welfare states. This article focuses on providing a description of what instruments the Nordic countries have taken or expect to use as part of dealing with the welfare challenges resulting from rising unemployment and greater social and economic insecurity in the wake of the crisis. The tentative conclusion is that the crisis so far has strengthened key characteristics of the Nordic welfare states by the state taking on a strong central role not only for the functioning of the market but also continued in a path-dependent way with universal and relatively generous benefits such as for those who become unemployed or have reduced income because of the crisis.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/spol.12675

Nordic welfare states-still standing or changed by the COVID-19 crisis?

Some years after its formal launch, the open method of co-ordination (OMC) continues to pose more questions than it seems to answer. Conceived politically as a fresh mode of dealing with old political issues in the European Union (EU) (Scott and Trubek 2002; Armstrong 2003; Ekengren 2002), the truth is that the OMC is still surrounded by much uncertainty; uncertainty as to what extent the open method might provide effective solutions to thorny coordination problems without further transfer of powers to Brussels; uncertainty as to how far the OMC might introduce novel mechanisms of deliberative and participatory democracy in the complex machinery of EU/member state political processes; and, all in all, uncertainty as to how far the OMC will succeed in managing diversity. The articles in this special issue bear witness to this. Taken collectively, their message is that the OMC introduces interesting novelties in the ways of understanding and carrying out EU policy and politics, but that these novelties are only able to make a change if some specific conditions are fulfilled. The absence of some of these political conditions has been behind the critical remarks of most authors and the normative lessons arising from their studies. So far, the OMC is able to generate optimism among scholars. But, as time goes by, more and more of this optimism is turning out to be conditional. This article aims to go back over the important questions raised in this special issue, and to provide some concluding (but not conclusive) remarks in the light of the evidence and the studies of the previous articles. In particular, we examine the nature of the OMC in relation to its large diversity across policy areas; we again take up the issue of effectiveness and compliance in the absence of sanctions, and discuss whether it is possible that the OMC will move away from bureaucratic management towards a new implementation of democratic values outside the classical democratic representation channels. Last but not least, we discuss the question of the limits to the use of the OMC.

Concluding remarks: New method or just cheap talk?

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