/pdf/a-toll-like-receptor-recognizes-bacterial-dna-2lif1icvoq.pdf

A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA

A Toll-Like Receptor That Prevents Infection by Uropathogenic Bacteria

Recognition of RNA virus by RIG-I results in activation of CARD9 and inflammasome signaling for interleukin 1 beta production (vol 11, pg 63, 2010)

Although induction of innate immune responses during viral infection is essential, it can cause acute inflammation and lead to devastating results. The deleterious effect of innate immune responses has been demonstrated in gene therapy where administration of a replication deficient adenoviral vector (Ad) caused fatality during a clinical trial. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the innate immunity, there is a lack of understanding on how different cell types interact to mount inflammatory responses, which may play an important role in regulating immune responses in vivo. 
In this study, we investigated the interaction between macrophages and epithelial cells, the two major cell types capable of sensing and responding to viral infection in the airway, in induction of inflammatory responses against replication deficient Ads. We show in Chapter 2 that Ad infection of the macrophage-epithelial cell co-culture resulted in synergistic induction of inflammatory responses. Ad infection of the co-culture compared to macrophages alone resulted in higher cytotoxicity and induction of significantly higher levels of inflammatory mediators including pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species. We found that these synergistic responses require macrophages and epithelial cells to be in close proximity suggesting that a novel mechanism regulates the inflammatory responses. 
In Chapter 3, we studied whether ATP plays a role in regulating inflammatory responses during acute Ad infection. Using the co-culture system, we found that ATP signaling through P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is critical as inhibition or deficiency of P2X7R resulted in reduced inflammatory responses. We demonstrate that ATP-P2X7R signaling regulates inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion. Furthermore, intranasal administration of Ad resulted in high mortality in mice but inhibition of ATP-P2X7R signaling enhanced survival and reduced inflammatory responses. These results suggest that ATP released by the infected cells plays an important role in regulating inflammatory responses during acute viral infection.%%%%PhD

Interaction between Macrophages and Epithelial Cells in Innate Immune Responses against Adenoviral Vectors

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Benjamin Lee

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Interaction between Macrophages and Epithelial Cells in Innate Immune Responses against Adenoviral Vectors