Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism

and theoretical concerns of his later work arose out of the concrete issues raised in this study. The Structural Transf ormation of the Public Sphere is a historical-sociological account of the emergence, transformation, and disintegration of the bourgeois public sphere. It combines materials and methods from sociology and economics, law and political science, and social and cultural history in an effort to grasp the preconditions, structures, functions, and inner tensions of this central domain of modern society. As a sphere between civil society and the state, in which critical public discussion of matters of general interest was institutionally guaranteed, the liberal public sphere took shape in the specific historical circumstances of a developing market economy. In its clash with the arcane and bureaucratic practices of the absolutist state, the emergen I bourgeoisie gradually replaced a public sphere in which the ruler's power was merely represented before the people with a sphere in which state authority was publicly monitored through informed and critical discourse by the people. Habermas traces the interdependent development of the literary and political self-consciousness of this new class, weaving together accounts of the rise of the novel and of literary

The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society

A conceptual framework is presented that incorporates three constructs highly relevant to consumer behavior—innovativeness, novelty seeking, and consumer creativity. A fourth construct, role accumulation, is also discussed. A model of the relational linkages among these constructs is developed, together with their definitions and a methodology to develop operational measures. Research implications and applications of this conceptual framework are discussed.

Innovativeness, Novelty Seeking, and Consumer Creativity

Language is closely linked to our social relationships and is the medium through which we participate in a variety of social activities. This fascinating study explores the important role of language in various aspects of our social life, such as identity, gender relations, class, kinship, status, and hierarchies. Drawing on data from over thirty different languages and societies, it shows how language is more than simply a form of social action; it is also an effective tool with which we formulate models of social life and conduct. These models - or particular forms of social behaviour - are linked to the classification of 'types' of action or actor, and are passed 'reflexively' from person to person, and from generation to generation. Providing a unified way of accounting for a variety of social phenomena, this book will be welcomed by all those interested in the interaction between language, culture, and society.

/pdf/language-and-social-relations-wpaaxljud9.pdf

Language and Social Relations

The article argues that a fuller consideration of voicing phenomena clarifies the nature of processes whereby registers of language expand, change, or remain constant in the socialized competence of language users. The first half of the article describes the semiotic processes whereby voicing effects are recognized or identified by interactants. The second half discusses the role of discursive voices and figures in large-scale sociohistorical practices involving registers. The overall goal is to show that the social existence of registers depends on the semiotic activities of language users, particularly those characterized in this article as matters of "alignment."

Voice, Footing, Enregisterment

The speed, intensity, and extent of contemporary global transformations challenge many of the assumptions that have guided the analysis of culture over the last several decades. Whereas an earlier generation of scholarship saw meaning and interpretation as the key problems for social and cultural analysis, the category of culture now seems to be playing catch-up to the economic processes that go beyond it. Economics owes its present appeal partly to the sense that it, as a discipline, has grasped that it is dynamics of circulation that are driving globalization — and thereby challenging traditional notions of language, culture, and nation. There is a certain historical irony to the contemporary discovery of the centrality of circulation to the analysis of the globalization of capitalism. The anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss (1969) inaugurated what would later be called the “linguistic turn” by applying Prague School linguistics to the analysis of circulation and exchange in precapitalist societies; by focusing on the structural analysis of the “total social fact” of exchange, he sought to overcome the dichotomy of economy and culture that is characteristic of modern thought. In hindsight, it can be seen that his use of phonology as the model for structural analysis raised fundamental issues about structure, event, and agency that con

Cultures of Circulation: The Imaginations of Modernity

The analysis argues that the outsourcing of production from the metropole generated problems of monetary connectivity that motivated the banking sector to develop and market a new species of derivative: the financial derivative. Virtually non-existent until 1973, such derivatives would soon become a 100 trillion dollar market. Making a market for these derivatives opened the door for speculative capital just as the attempt by this market to capture the risks embodied in local monetized relations led to emergence of a notion of abstract risk. The notion of abstract risk, embodied in the derivative and propelled by a self-expanding speculative capital, is globally significant because abstract risk functions as a social mediation, creating a new form of interdependence in the sphere of circulation even as circulation itself grows increasingly autonomous from production. We show that what makes the emergent culture of financial circulation historically new is that it is defined and determined through the obje...

Financial derivatives and the rise of circulation

Semiotics, Self, and Society

Derivatives were responsible for one of the worst financial meltdowns in history, one from which we have not yet fully recovered. However, they are likewise capable of generating some of the most incredible wealth we have ever seen. This book asks how we might ensure the latter while avoiding the former. Looking past the usual arguments for the regulation or abolition of derivative finance, it asks a more probing question: what kinds of social institutions and policies would we need to put in place to both avail ourselves of the derivative’s wealth production and make sure that production benefits all of us? To answer that question, the contributors to this book draw upon their deep backgrounds in finance, social science, art, and the humanities to create a new way of understanding derivative finance that does justice to its social and cultural dimensions. They offer a two-pronged analysis. First, they develop a social understanding of the derivative that casts it in the light of anthropological concepts such as the gift, ritual, play, dividuality, and performativity. Second, they develop a derivative understanding of the social, using financial concepts such as risk, hedging, optionality, and arbitrage to uncover new dimensions of contemporary social reality. In doing so, they construct a necessary, renewed vision of derivative finance as a deeply embedded aspect not just of our economics but our culture.

Derivatives and the Wealth of Societies

The Concept of Self: an Operational Definition.- Steps Toward a Model of the Self.- Sensorimotor Egocentrism, Social Interaction, and the Development of Self and Gesture.- The Self and Cognition: the Roles of the Self in the Acquisition of Knowledge, and the Role of Cognition in the Development of the Self.- The Cognitive-Developmental Theory of Adolescent Self and Identity.- A Neo-Piagetian Approach to Object Relations.- Towards a Vygotskian Theory of the Self.- Language, Thought, and Self in Vygotsky's Developmental Theory.- Contributors.- Name Index.

Developmental Approaches to the Self

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