Epilepsy is a central nervous system disorder involving spontaneous and recurring seizures that affects 50 million individuals globally. Because approximately one-third of patients with epilepsy do not respond to drug therapy, the development of new therapeutic strategies against epilepsy could be beneficial. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are frequently observed in epilepsy. Additionally, neuroinflammation is increasingly understood to contribute to the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also recognized for its contributions to neuronal excitability and apoptosis, which can lead to neuronal loss in epilepsy. This review focuses on the roles of oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, NAPDH oxidase, the blood–brain barrier, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation in the development of epilepsy. We also review the therapies used to treat epilepsy and prevent seizures, including anti-seizure medications, anti-epileptic drugs, anti-inflammatory therapies, and antioxidant therapies. In addition, we review the use of neuromodulation and surgery in the treatment of epilepsy. Finally, we present the role of dietary and nutritional strategies in the management of epilepsy, including the ketogenic diet and the intake of vitamins, polyphenols, and flavonoids. By reviewing available interventions and research on the pathophysiology of epilepsy, this review points to areas of further development for therapies that can manage epilepsy.

/pdf/therapeutic-strategies-to-ameliorate-neuronal-damage-in-e8dy5d04.pdf

Therapeutic Strategies to Ameliorate Neuronal Damage in Epilepsy by Regulating Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Neuroinflammation

Fabrication of multifunctional Co,N co-doped UIO-rGO aerogel with properties of hydrophobic, anti-corrosion, heat insulation, infrared stealth and electromagnetic wave absorption

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has attracted significant attention in the fields of antibacterial activity and pollutant degradation due to its well-known photocatalytic properties. However, the application of TiO2 is significantly limited by its large band gap width, which only allows excitation by ultraviolet light below 400 nm. Here, we propose the use of surface chiral functionalization of TiO2 to tune its band gap width, thus enabling it to be excited by near-infrared-region light (NIR), resulting in the effective separation of electron-hole pairs. By controlling the solvent polarity and forming numerous weak interactions (such as hydrogen bonding) between chiral ligands and TiO2, we successfully prepared chiral TiO2 superparticles (SPs) that exhibited a broad circular dichroism (CD) absorption at 792 nm. Under circularly polarized light (CPL) at 808 nm, the chiral SPs induced the separation of electron-hole pairs in TiO2, thus generating hydroxyl and singlet oxygen radicals. Antibacterial tests under CPL in NIR showed that the chiral TiO2 SPs exhibited excellent antibacterial performance, with inhibition rates of 99.4% and 100% against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Recycling-reuse experiments and biocompatibility evaluation of the material demonstrated that the chiral TiO2 SPs are stable and safe antibacterial materials, thus indicating the potential application of chiral TiO2 SPs in antibacterial aspects of medical implants.

Near-Infrared Chiroptical Activity Titanium Dioxide Supraparticles with Circularly Polarized Light Induced Antibacterial Activity.

Graphene and its derivatives have become the star materials in the field of electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption, and have been widely studied because of their unique structure and excellent properties. However, the high electrical conductivity of graphene-based material leads to poor impedance matching performances, so it often needs to be annealed at high temperatures, which is a intricate procedure and cause the waste of energy. Herein, we develop a convenient strategy to synthesize metal organic framework-reduced graphene oxide (MOF-rGO) aerogels through facile hydrothermal and freeze drying procedure. Firstly, the excessive electrons on graphene can be transferred to MOF, in this way, no annealing is needed. Secondly, the morphology and structure of MOF can be regulated electronically to endow the material with rich heterojunction interfaces and enhance its interfacial polarization. Thirdly, the synthesized aerogels satisfy the requirements of thin thickness, low density and light weight. The fabricated Ni-MOF-rGO and FeNi-MOF-rGO aerogels exhibit remarkable EMW absorption performances with strong reflection loss (RL) and broad effective absorption band (EAB) at the thickness of 2.4 (−47.8 dB and 7.84 GHz) and 2.9 mm (−48.3 dB and 8.32 GHz) whereas the filling contents are just 5 %. Moreover, the attenuation capacity of the fabricated aerogels are verified through the radar-section simulation and the interfacial polarization loss are confirmed by the COMSOL analogue simulation. In a word, this work provides a new afflatus and inspiration for the design of graphene-based EMW absorption materials. 

Fabrication of MOF-rGO aerogels to enhance electromagnetic wave absorption by adjusting the morphology and structure of MOFs by electron transfer

Accurate pesticide delivery is a key factor in improving pesticide utilization, which can effectively reduce the use of pesticides and environmental risks. In this study, we developed a nanocarrier preparation method which can be controlled by pH/near-infrared response. Mesoporous molybdenum selenide (MoSe2) with a high loading rate was used as the core, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) with acid response was used as the shell, and prochloraz (Pro) was loaded to form a pH-/near-infrared-responsive core-shell nanosystem (Pro@MoSe2@PAA NPs, abbreviated as PMP). Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection secretes oxalic acid, forming an acidic microenvironment. In an acidic environment, PMP could quickly release Pro, and the cumulative release amount of Pro at pH = 5.0 was 3.1 times higher than that at pH = 7.4, and the efficiency of releasing Pro in the acidic environment was significantly enhanced. In addition, the release rate of PMP under near-infrared light irradiation was also significantly improved, and the cumulative release of Pro under simulated sunlight was 2.35 times higher than that under no light. The contact angles of PMP droplets on rapeseeds were reduced by 31.2 and 13.9% compared to Pro and MoSe2, respectively, which proved that the nanosystems had good wettability. In addition, PMP shows excellent adhesion and resistance to simulated rain washout. In the plate antibacterial experiment, the inhibitory effect of 0.5 μg/mL PMP on S. sclerotiorum was as high as 75.2% after 6 days, which showed a higher bactericidal activity than Pro. More importantly, PMP shows excellent biocompatibility and safety to plants, microorganisms, and cells. In a word, PMP is a green nanopesticide with a dual response of pH/near-infrared light, which provides a new strategy for the sustainable development of agriculture.

Green Nanopesticide: pH Response and Molybdenum Selenide Carrier with Photothermal Effect to Transport Prochloraz to Inhibit Sclerotinia Disease.

Oocyte cryopreservation is widely used in assisted-reproductive technology and animal production. However, cryopreservation not only induces a massive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in oocytes, but also leads to oxidative-stress-inflicted damage to mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. These stresses lead to damage to the spindle, DNA, proteins, and lipids, ultimately reducing the developmental potential of oocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Although oocytes can mitigate oxidative stress via intrinsic antioxidant systems, the formation of ribonucleoprotein granules, mitophagy, and the cryopreservation-inflicted oxidative damage cannot be completely eliminated. Therefore, exogenous antioxidants such as melatonin and resveratrol are widely used in oocyte cryopreservation to reduce oxidative damage through direct or indirect scavenging of ROS. In this review, we discuss analysis of various oxidative stresses induced by oocyte cryopreservation, the impact of antioxidants against oxidative damage, and their underlying mechanisms. We hope that this literature review can provide a reference for improving the efficiency of oocyte cryopreservation.

/pdf/oxidative-stress-and-oocyte-cryopreservation-recent-advances-3h1wckbf.pdf

Oxidative Stress and Oocyte Cryopreservation: Recent Advances in Mitigation Strategies Involving Antioxidants

Melatonin promotes parthenogenetic development of vitrified-warmed mouse MII oocytes, potentially by reducing oxidative stress through SIRT1.

The intricate mechanisms driving oocyte maturation remain only partially understood, especially within the domains of domestic animal reproduction and translational medicine. In the case of prepubertal girls, the clinical challenge is especially pronounced, as ovarian tissue cryopreservation‐though promising‐remains an experimental technique necessitating rigorous scientific validation to guarantee the developmental potential of preserved materials and facilitate broader clinical adoption. To address these knowledge gaps, while considering the ethical implications, we applied transcriptome and translatome sequencing to comprehensively profile the transcriptional and translational dynamics of oocyte maturation in adult and prepubertal goats. Our analyses uncovered a sequential transition in gene expression regulation, shifting from cytoplasmic processes to chromosome segregation during the maturation process. Comparative profiling between adult and prepubertal goat oocytes revealed critical regulatory factors essential for prepubertal oocyte maturation. These include genes involved in organelle function (GTPBP4 and TOMM7), spindle organisation (CKS2, CCP110, CKAP5 and ESCO1) and chromosome segregation (CENPE, CENPF, CENPN and SGO2). Functional validation through in vitro maturation experiments demonstrated that GTPBP4 significantly enhances the developmental competence of prepubertal goat oocytes. This enhancement occurs through mechanisms that promote cell cycle progression, organelle maturation and mRNA translation. These findings provide a detailed map of the molecular events underpinning goat oocyte maturation and offer new perspectives on the developmental strategies required for oocyte competence in prepubertal females. Translating these insights to humans, this research highlights potential fertility preservation strategies for prepubertal girls, such as ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation, in vitro follicle culture, meiotic maturation and artificial ovary technologies. Moreover, the identified mechanisms have significant implications for improving reproductive efficiency in domestic animal breeding, bridging basic research and applied science.

Decoding the Molecular Landscape of Prepubertal Oocyte Maturation: GTPBP4 as a Key Driver of In Vitro Developmental Competence.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and acute hepatitis, and the early diagnosis of these diseases by quantification of ROS is critical for the curable treatment of patients. Here, a novel probe was developed based on chiral molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2 ) nanoparticles (NPs) modified by the fluorescence molecule, cyanine 3 (Cy3). Chiral MoSe2 NPs showed intensive circular dichroism (CD) signals at 390 nm and 550 nm, whereas the fluorescence signal of Cy3 at 560 nm was quenched by MoSe2 NPs. With the presence of ROS, the novel probe reacted with ROS and then oxidated rapidly, resulting in decreased CD signals and the recovery of Cy3 fluorescence signals. With the help of ROS-related CD and fluorescent dual-mode signals, the limit of detection (LOD) of CD signals and fluorescence signals in living cells was 0.0093 nmol/106 cells and 0.024 nmol/106 cells, respectively. The high selectivity and sensitivity to ROS in complex biological environments was attributed to the Mo4+ and Se2- oxidation reaction on the surface of the NPs. Furthermore, chiral MoSe2 NPs was able to monitor the levels of ROS in vivo by fluorescence signals. Collectively, this strategy offers a new approach for ROS detection and has the potential to inspire others to explore chiral nanomaterials as potential biosensors to investigate biological events. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Chiral MoSe2 Nanoparticles for Ultrasensitive Monitoring of Reactive Oxygen Species In Vivo.

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Oxidative Stress and Oocyte Cryopreservation: Recent Advances in Mitigation Strategies Involving Antioxidants

Melatonin promotes parthenogenetic development of vitrified-warmed mouse MII oocytes, potentially by reducing oxidative stress through SIRT1.

Decoding the Molecular Landscape of Prepubertal Oocyte Maturation: GTPBP4 as a Key Driver of In Vitro Developmental Competence.

Chiral MoSe2 Nanoparticles for Ultrasensitive Monitoring of Reactive Oxygen Species In Vivo.