Interleukin 35 (IL-35) is the newest identified heterodimeric cytokine in the IL-12 cytokine family. IL-35 is a heterodimer comprised of IL-12 subunit alpha (p35) and IL-27 subunit Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3). Since discovery, IL-35 showed different immunosuppressive functions from other members of the IL-12 family. It is shown that IL-35 inhibits immune responses by suppressing the differentiation of Th17 cells and macrophages and inhibiting the proliferation and function of effector T cells. Although studies showed that IL-35 has been secreted by regulatory T cells, CD8+ regulatory T cells and regulatory B cells, other studies have also shown that IL-35 may be more widely expressed in cancer cell lines, such as lung adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, breast cancer, and gastric cancer. Recent studies have also shown that IL-35 secreted by tumor cells promotes both tumor growth and metastasis by enhancing the accumulation of angiogenesis and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and decreasing the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into tumor microenvironment. In this review, the structure and biological functions of IL-35 were reviewed in detail, and the roles of IL-35 in different types of cancers including colorectal cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, acute myeloid leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer and so on were discussed.

/pdf/the-role-of-il-35-in-regulating-tumor-immunity-292zoa2nw8.pdf

The Role of IL-35 in Regulating Tumor Immunity

OBJECTIVE To characterize the heterogeneity in response to lifestyle intervention among Latino adolescents with obesity. METHODS We conducted secondary data analysis of 90 Latino adolescents (age 15.4 ± 0.9 y, female 56.7%) with obesity (BMI% 98.1 ± 1.5%) that were enrolled in a 3 month lifestyle intervention and were followed for a year. Covariance pattern mixture models identified response phenotypes defined by changes in insulin sensitivity as measured using a 2 hour oral glucose tolerance test. Baseline characteristics were compared across response phenotypes using one-way ANOVA and chi-square test. RESULTS Three distinct response phenotypes (PH1, PH2, PH3) were identified. PH1 exhibited the most robust response defined by the greatest increase in insulin sensitivity over time (β ± SE, linear 0.52 ± 0.17, P < .001; quadratic -0.03 ± 0.01, P = .001). PH2 showed non-significant changes, while PH3 demonstrated modest short-term increases in insulin sensitivity which were not sustained over time (linear 0.08 ± 0.03, P = .002; quadratic -0.01 ± 0.002, P = .003). At baseline, PH3 (1.1 ± 0.4) was the most insulin resistant phenotype and exhibited the highest BMI% (98.5 ± 1.1%), 2 hours glucose concentrations (144.0 ± 27.5 mg/dL), and lowest beta-cell function as estimated by the oral disposition index (4.5 ± 2.8). CONCLUSION Response to lifestyle intervention varies among Latino youth with obesity and suggests that precision approaches are warranted to meet the prevention needs of high risk youth.

Response heterogeneity to lifestyle intervention among Latino adolescents.

Recent success of immunotherapy and other targeted therapies in cancer treatment has signaled the advent of precision medicine. Unlike conventional trial designs that aim to find an optimal treatment ignoring inter-patient heterogeneity, clinical trial designs for precision medicine must take into account patients' variability in genes, environments, and lifestyle. This article provides a review of recent research development of clinical trial designs toward this trend.

Statistical Methods for Clinical Trial Designs in the New Era of Cancer Treatment.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Beibei Guo

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Statistical Methods for Clinical Trial Designs in the New Era of Cancer Treatment.