The two-dimensional (2D) magnet, a long-standing missing member in the family of 2D functional materials, is promising for next-generation information technology. The recent experimental discovery of 2D magnetic ordering in CrI3, Cr2Ge2Te6, VSe2, and Fe3GeTe2 has stimulated intense research activities to expand the scope of 2D magnets. This review covers the essential progress on 2D magnets, with an emphasis on the current understanding of the magnetic exchange interaction, the databases of 2D magnets, and the modification strategies for modulation of magnetism. We will address a large number of 2D intrinsic magnetic materials, including binary transition metal halogenides; chalogenides; carbides; nitrides; oxides; borides; silicides; MXene; ternary transition metal compounds CrXTe3, MPX3, Fe-Ge-Te, MBi2Te4, and MXY (M = transition metal; X = O, S, Se, Te, N; Y = Cl, Br, I); f-state magnets; p-state magnets; and organic magnets. Their electronic structure, magnetic moment, Curie temperature, and magnetic anisotropy energy will be presented. According to the specific 2D magnets, the underlying direct, superexchange, double exchange, super-superexchange, extended superexchange, and multi-intermediate double exchange interactions will be described. In addition, we will also highlight the effective strategies to manipulate the interatomic exchange mechanism to improve the Curie temperature of 2D magnets, such as chemical functionalization, isoelectronic substitution, alloying, strain engineering, defect engineering, applying electronic/magnetic field, interlayer coupling, carrier doping, optical controlling, and intercalation. We hope this review will contribute to understanding the magnetic exchange interaction of existing 2D magnets, developing unprecedented 2D magnets with desired properties, and offering new perspectives in this rapidly expanding field.

Recent progress on 2D magnets: Fundamental mechanism, structural design and modification

Structural, absorption and optical dispersion characteristics of rhodamine B thin films prepared by drop casting technique

Physics of ultra-thin phthalocyanine films on semiconductors

Electrons in organic semiconductors (OSC) possess remarkably long spin relaxation times. Hybrid spintronic devices that combine OSC with ferromagnetic (FM) substrates are therefore expected to provide a route to devices with improved and new functionalities. A crucial role is played by the FM-OSC interface which governs the spin injection into the OSC. Using spin-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations we study here such possible injection channels in metal phthalocyanines (MPc). We report the first direct observation of the successful engineering of different spin-selective hybrid interface states at the Fermi level of a FM-OSC hybrid junction only by changing the central metal atom of a MPc. Our results demonstrate that tailoring the chemical interaction at the FM-OSC interface is a promising way to modify the spin injection channels and thus the spin injection capability.

Metal–Organic Hybrid Interface States of A Ferromagnet/Organic Semiconductor Hybrid Junction as Basis For Engineering Spin Injection in Organic Spintronics

We present a systematic density functional theory study of the electronic structure of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), using several different (semi)-local and hybrid functionals, and compare the results to experimental photoemission data. We show that semi-local functionals fail qualitatively for CuPc, primarily because of under-binding of localized orbitals due to self-interaction errors. We discuss an appropriate choice of functional for studies of CuPc/metal interfaces and suggest the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof screened hybrid functional as a suitable compromise functional.

Electronic Structure of Copper Phthalocyanine: a Comparative Density Functional Theory Study

Density functional investigation of the electronic structure of cobalt phthalocyanine monolayer

First-principles study on the electronic structures of iron phthalocyanine monolayer

The surface electronic properties of newly designed half-metallic ferromagnets: GeKCa and SnKCa

Half-metallicity at the non-polar surfaces of rock-salt and zinc-blende MgN

The electronic and the magnetic properties of (001) surface of KCaN2 half-metallic compound with full-Heusler structure are studied with the use of a full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. Two possible terminations of the surface are considered and only the one with N atoms in the topmost layer is found to retain the half-metallic properties of the bulk. The magnetic properties of N-terminated surface are enhanced compared with the properties of the bulk. The calculated magnetic moments on the N atoms in the KCaN₂ are 1.26 μB in the bulk and 1.90 μ B at the surface. The subsurface metal atoms are also slightly polarized. In the surface terminated with metal atoms, not only the half-metallicity is destroyed, but also the magnetic properties of the system are weakened.

http://komag.org/journal/upload/download.php?pid=928

Half-metallic and Magnetic Properties of (001) Surfaces of KCaN₂ Compound in full-Heusler Structure

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