The use of Blockchain technology has recently become widespread. It has emerged as an essential tool in various academic and industrial fields, such as healthcare, transportation, finance, cybersecurity, and supply chain management. It is regarded as a decentralized, trustworthy, secure, transparent, and immutable solution that innovates data sharing and management. This survey aims to provide a systematic review of Blockchain application to intelligent transportation systems in general and the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) in particular. The survey is divided into four main parts. First, the Blockchain technology including its opportunities, relative taxonomies, and applications is introduced; basic cryptography is also discussed. Next, the evolution of Blockchain is presented, starting from the primary phase of pre-Bitcoin (fundamentally characterized by classic cryptography systems), followed by the Blockchain 1.0 phase, (characterized by Bitcoin implementation and common consensus protocols), and finally, the Blockchain 2.0 phase (characterized by the implementation of smart contracts, Ethereum, and Hyperledger). We compared and identified the strengths and limitations of each of these implementations. Then, the state of the art of Blockchain-based IoV solutions (BIoV) is explored by referring to a large and trusted source database from the Scopus data bank. For a well-structured and clear discussion, the reviewed literature is classified according to the research direction and implemented IoV layer. Useful tables, statistics, and analysis are also presented. Finally, the open problems and future directions in BIoV research are summarized. 

Blockchain Technology for Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/518/5/052003/pdf

Combination of Steganography and Cryptography: A short Survey

Review on security of federated learning and its application in healthcare

Recently, there has been a significant increase in the number of Internet users. Thus, digital data has occupied the highest rank in our time, because most companies and governments adopt the total dependence for the transmission of their data transactions with customers and banking transactions over the World Wide Web. Therefore, total reliance on digital data needs to secure this data and preserve it from theft and modification in order to reach the intended user intact without distortion, and this is done by securing this data using encryption with its various techniques. There are many technologies that encrypt the data sent to the receiving party called encryption techniques. This research will examine the analysis of different encryption techniques, for example, symmetric cryptography technique and asymmetric cryptography techniques, Rivest Shamir and Adleman, Diffie-Hellman, Digital Signature Algorithm, (ECC) Elliptic curve cryptography, and how can employ them and explore the best methods of cryptography techniques that give complete confidential and transmitted data.

Review and Analysis of Cryptography Techniques

A smart city is where existing facilities and services are enhanced by digital technology to benefit people and companies. The most critical infrastructures in this city are interconnected. Increased data exchange across municipal domains aims to manage the essential assets, leading to more automation in city governance and optimization of the dynamic offered services. However, no clear guideline or standard exists for modeling these data flows. As a result, operators, municipalities, policymakers, manufacturers, solution providers, and vendors are forced to accept systems with limited scalability and varying needs. Nonetheless, it is critical to raise awareness about smart-city cybersecurity and implement suitable measures to safeguard citizens’ privacy and security because cyber threats seem to be well-organized, diverse, and sophisticated. This study aims to present an overview of cyber threats, attacks, and countermeasures on the primary domains of smart cities (smart government, smart mobility, smart environment, smart living, smart healthcare, smart economy, and smart people). It aims to present information extracted from the state of the art so policymakers can perceive the critical situation and simultaneously be a valuable resource for the scientific community. It also seeks to offer a structural reference model that may guide the architectural design and implementation of infrastructure upgrades linked to smart city networks. 

/pdf/an-overview-of-cyber-threats-attacks-and-countermeasures-on-n4duzebl.pdf

An Overview of Cyber Threats, Attacks and Countermeasures on the Primary Domains of Smart Cities

Cryptography is wide domain with many subs The objective of this review paper is to give light review for readers and students of the three common used algorithm two in symmetric cryptography DES, AES and one in asymmetric cryptography RSA Allowing the reader to have simple understanding of the background history of the algorithm in review and the key functional cipher operation of the algorithm Accordingly summary of strength and weakness of each algorithm under the review will be highlighted And how the security goals is such confidentiality and integrity are achieve using the mentioned algorithms The paper will sequentially list and review the said algorithms and clarify the relational between them Such as the relation between the symmetric and asymmetric algorithm the one with secret key and the ones with key pairs The paper may insight some of the research window for upcoming scholar research in the field of cryptography

A Review Paper on DES, AES, RSA Encryption Standards

The Information Technology world is witnessing a new era which is encompassed with Internet-of-Things (IoT), smart home, smart devices and smart cities which will play a significant role to recognize the “smart” vision. This paper proposes an unambiguous solution as a cobit cube based on ICT infrastructure that caters security issues pertaining to the “gigantic challenges” and flawlessly integrates IoT and smart city structure into one comprehensible unit. This paper also highlights network flaws of smart city and proposes Smart mitigation techniques, hardening of authentication, access point security and effective data encryption methods to secure key exchange. We also present a multi layered an Onion model representing the interactions between smart citizens, servers, smart and secure application, smart societies, smart authorities and smart mobility which are main elements of smart city and their interfaces are what we require to defend.

Smart Cities: A New Age of Digital Insecurity

Structure Query Language Injection (SQLI) is one of the top most threat to web-based applications (Like e-commerce, banking, shopping, trading, blogs, etc) which are connected to the database The attacker has the ability to get full access and the full control of the database or the application and that drives to removing, modifying and changing significant data This can be performed by the attacker when a sequence of malicious SQL statements are injected by the attacker into a query through an input that is not validated Finding the proper solution to stop or mitigate the SQL injection is necessary due to the importance of security of web applications Many researchers have studied SQLIA detection and prevention extensively and have proposed various methods However, these techniques are not enough because usually, they have limitations cannot stop all type of attacks This paper presents background study about classical types of SQLIA, detection and prevention techniques as well as evaluation of these approaches against those types of attacks

SQLIA Detection and Prevention Techniques

Network simulator (NS2) was developed by UC Berkeley as an open source Internet Protocol Networks simulator. It uses TCL for front-end interpretation based on C++ back-end engine. TCL based script used in creating the network scenario producing an ASCII formatted trace file capturing all events during the simulation. The produced trace file captures all necessary information for studying and assessing the network performance like source to destination packets transfer, packets loss, dropped packets and so on. But, the resulting trace file is just a chunk of ASCII information in a textual file format and rather difficult to assess and measure with the currently available post processing techniques. The trace file might also be huge in size in some cases making it not so easy to parse for meaningful information. Q-Analyze is an NS2 trace file analysis tool proposed to simplify the process of data extraction for performance metrics measurement and producing an easy to understand network simulation report. This software is basically a tool for mining NS2 trace files for the network simulation environment of NS2. Q-Analyze tool involves three layers. First layer is the source data layer where the NS2 trace file data is extracted in row format. Second layer is the data processing layer in which row data acquired from the source trace file is processed and transformed into meaningful format to be consumed in third layer. Presentation layer is the third layer where meaningful data is prepared in a tabular format for network performance study. Different performance metrics like packet delivery fraction, throughput, and end-o-end delay are produced in a user friendly report. All malicious and black hole nodes are captured and reported in a separate report showing their behavior and why they are reported as misbehaving nodes. Through Q-Analyze tool users can do network scenario performance study using an easy to use GUI allowing them to concentrate on algorithms development instead of spending much time on data post processing and performance metrics calculation and presentation.

Q-Analyze Tool to Detect Malicious and Black Hole Nodes in NS2 Simulation for AODV

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Basant Kumar

Author Tools

Chat about Author