This book investigates the founding and building of cities in the ancient Near East. The creation of new cities was imagined as an ideological project or a divine intervention in the political narratives and mythologies of Near Eastern cultures, often masking the complex processes behind the social production of urban space. During the Early Iron Age (c.1200–850 BCE), Assyrian and Syro-Hittite rulers developed a highly performative official discourse that revolved around constructing cities, cultivating landscapes, building watercourses, erecting monuments and initiating public festivals. This volume combs through archaeological, epigraphic, visual, architectural and environmental evidence to tell the story of a region from the perspective of its spatial practices, landscape history and architectural technologies. It argues that the cultural processes of the making of urban spaces shape collective memory and identity as well as sites of political performance and state spectacle.

/pdf/cities-and-the-shaping-of-memory-in-the-ancient-near-east-3ordjk83te.pdf

Cities and the Shaping of Memory in the Ancient Near East

This book investigates the transmission of Sumerian literature to Syria and Anatolia (i.e. the Western periphery) during the Late Bronze Age. Sumerian is the most ancient language so far documented and remained for about three millennia the language of culture in Mesopotamia for its association with scribal education. With the end of the Old Babylonian period, Sumerian literary and lexical texts were disseminated to regions outside Mesopotamia. The volume, however, is not limited to the documentation stemming from peripheral sites but also includes a comprehensive study of contemporary Mesopotamian sources, i.e. Middle Babylonian and Middle Assyrian. Sumerian literature is best known through the Old Babylonian texts, to which countless studies were dedicated, while the subsequent period is poorly known and has been neglected by scholars for the scarcity of sources. Nevertheless, the Late Bronze Age is extremely important for the Sumerian literature because the process of selection and modification of texts that ended up in the first millennium canonization started in this period. Therefore, this book aims at filling a gap in our comprehension of the history of Sumerian literature. The primary objective of this book is the identification of the tradition of texts discovered in the Western periphery in comparison with second and first millennium Mesopotamian sources. The subject has been approached from different perspectives, taking into account philological, cultural, and historical aspects.

The Reception of Sumerian Literature in the Western Periphery

The study of flight provides insight into life at the bottom of society during the Third Dynasty of Ur (c 2100-2000 bce) Examples of individual rebellion and its consequences display the perspectives of members of non-elite and elite, advancing Adams’s conclusion (2010, §61) that the boundaries between slaves and other lower-stratum individuals were fluid and poorly defined This study also references the earliest known attestation of the concept of reform through detainment

Runaways and Fugitive-Catchers during the Third Dynasty of Ur

Some of the latest Neo-Assyrian texts so far excavated were unearthed by Koldewey already in 1903 in the South Palace built by Nebuchadnezzar II in Babylon. A short description of the finds together with a preliminary treatment of one of the texts will be given here. Noteworthy are the capacity units sa and

/pdf/of-god-s-trees-kings-and-scholars-se50l2jcs5.pdf

Of GOd(s), Trees, KinGs, and schOlars

The Growth of Schools and the Advance of Knowledge

Kramer anniversary volume: cuneiform studies in honor of Samuel Noah Kramer

\"The Sumerian Dictionary\" is a publishing event of the first magnitude. Ake Sjoberg and his collaborators deserve the gratitude of humanists in general and Assyriologists in particular for inaugurating one of the most urgently needed tools in modern scholarship. It would be possible to dwell at length on all the important services rendered by the project. But what is needed at this stage is not lavish praise, however well deserved, but constructive criticism, applied in time before the patterns of presentation have become matters of irrevocable commitment. In beginning publication with volume 2 (\"B\"), the editors seem themselves to preserve the option for revisions and modifications for volume 1 and all subsequent volumes. The same impression is conveyed by the Foreword, which is brief and modest almost to a fault, leaving it to the reader to deduce most of the principles involved in organizing the present volume. It may be worth noting that, much as the Sumerian Dictionary owes to the Chicago Assyrian Dictionary (CAD), it did not emulate the latter's very slow and deliberate approach to its inception. The first volume published by CAD was volume 6 (\"H\") in 1956, but its design had been under active discussion for years both within the confines of the Oriental Institute and beyond. Most importantly, a Standard Operating Procedure (\"SOP\") was prepared by I. J. Gelb in 1954 which not only laid out the basic rules of presentation to be followed, but also drafted a very extensive set of model articles based on the root STR which was mimeographed and widely distributed at the time, allowing for reactions from potential users of the CAD. No truly comparable procedure was, to the best of my knowledge, followed by the Sumerian dictionary. Thus in a sense the B-Volume must stand as the real counterpart to Gelb's SOP, and it is in this spirit that the following suggestions are offered for the sake of the future volumes.

The Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary (PSD): A Review Article@@@The Sumerian Dictionary of the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania, Volume 2: "B"

Cuneiform Texts in the St. Louis Public Library

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Kramer anniversary volume: cuneiform studies in honor of Samuel Noah Kramer

The Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary (PSD): A Review Article@@@The Sumerian Dictionary of the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania, Volume 2: "B"

Cuneiform Texts in the St. Louis Public Library