Detecting Frogs as Prey in the Diets of Introduced Mammals

Lesser short‐tailed bats (Mystacina tuberculata) have been reported as commonly feeding on the ground, but few direct observations of the diet and foraging behaviour of these rare and secretive bats have been published. Here, we describe the feeding behaviour of six captive M. tuberculata at Wellington Zoological Gardens, in order to experimentally clarify and validate some of the feeding behaviours previously reported from anecdotal observations. In particular, we focused on food type choice and dependence on nectar. The bats emerged every night 80 ± 30 (mean ± SE) min after sunset, irrespective of the weather, and spent most of their time foraging in leaf litter on the ground (when available) and on the branches of trees. Larvae of meal worms (Tenebrio molitor) and cerambycid beetles (Prionoplus reticularis) were favoured in the diet, followed in diminishing order by adult meal worms, tree weta (Hemideina crassidens) and crickets (Teleogryllus commodus), some nectars, sugar solutions, and final...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03014220709510081

Feeding activity in captive New Zealand lesser short‐tailed bats (Mystacina tuberculata)

The glomerular array in the olfactory bulb of many vertebrates is segregated into molecularly and anatomically distinct clusters linked to different olfactory functions. In anurans, glomerular clustering is so far only described in Xenopus laevis. We traced olfactory projections to the bulb in tadpoles belonging to six distantly related anuran species in four families (Pipidae, Hylidae, Bufonidae, Dendrobatidae) and found that glomerular clustering is remarkably conserved. The general bauplan consists of four unequally sized glomerular clusters with minor inter-species variation. During metamorphosis, the olfactory system undergoes extensive remodeling. Tracings in metamorphotic and juvenile Dendrobates tinctorius and Xenopus tropicalis suggest a higher degree of variation in the glomerular organization after metamorphosis is complete. Our study highlights, that the anatomical organization of glomeruli in the main olfactory bulb (MOB) is highly conserved, despite an extensive ecomorphological diversification among anuran tadpoles, which suggests underlying developmental constraints.

/pdf/conservation-of-glomerular-organization-in-the-main-3n435zmecj.pdf

Conservation of Glomerular Organization in the Main Olfactory Bulb of Anuran Larvae

Ecological surveys of Mana Island, Wellington, in 1972 and 1975 confirmed that house mice (Mus musculus) were the only pest mammals present, and resulted in nationally significant populations of Cook Strait giant weta (Deinacrida rugosa) and of two threatened lizard species being confirmed or discovered. Photographs taken in June 1972 were re-taken in June 2022, and are used to document social and ecological change on the island over this 50-year interval. Mana Island was farmed until 1986, and has been a conservation reserve administered by the Department of Conservation (DOC) since 1987. Mice reached plague numbers after farm stock were removed, and caused a population crash of McGregor’s skink (Oligosoma macgregori). Following mouse eradication in 1989–90, the island has been free of introduced mammals. A major revegetation effort since 1987 included planting of more than 443,000 trees and shrubs over about 36% of the 217 ha island. For the last two decades, conservation management of the island has largely followed a comprehensive ecological restoration plan that was published in 1999. The Friends of Mana Island was formed in 1998, and has taken the lead role in most conservation initiatives on the island since then, in partnership with Ngāti Toa Rangatira (mana whenua) and DOC. In addition to the revegetation programme, weed control, and recreation of a wetland, 22 animal species have been translocated to the island, and several bird species have colonised naturally. Conservation successes and failures are described, and research relevant to restoration ecology undertaken on the island is summarised.

/pdf/from-farm-to-forest-50-years-of-ecological-transformation-on-1jfe6jw0.pdf

﻿From farm to forest – 50 years of ecological transformation on Mana Island, New Zealand

New Zealand’s isolation from other major land masses, since the breakup of the great southern continent of Gondwanaland, has led to the separate evolution of species with spectacular adaptations — the kiwi (Apteryx spp.) with its sense of smell, the huia (Heteralocha acutirostris) with its different feeding pattern for male and female and the kea (Nestor notabilis), the only alpine parrot in the world.

Interface between captive and wild populations of New Zealand fauna

Proceedings of the society for research on amphibians and reptiles in New Zealand

The New Zealand lesser short-tailed bat Mystacina tuberculata at the Wellington Zoological Gardens

Hand‐rearing a New Zealand pigeon Hemiphaga n. novaeseelandiae at the Wellington Zoological Gardens

Management of the Tuatara Sphenodon spp in the wild and in captivity

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Proceedings of the society for research on amphibians and reptiles in New Zealand

The New Zealand lesser short-tailed bat Mystacina tuberculata at the Wellington Zoological Gardens

Hand‐rearing a New Zealand pigeon Hemiphaga n. novaeseelandiae at the Wellington Zoological Gardens

Management of the Tuatara Sphenodon spp in the wild and in captivity