Of the infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers globally, 42.1% who did not receive hepatitis B virus (HBV) passive-active immunoprophylaxis and 2.9% of infants who received the immunoprophylaxis acquired HBV infection perinatally. Moreover, perinatal infection occurred in 84.2% (18.8%–100%) and 8.7% (0.0–21.0%) of infants born to hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg)-positive mothers who did not and did receive immunoprophylaxis, respectively; by contrast, the infection rates were 6.7% (0.0–15.4%) and 0.4% (0.0–2.5%) for infants born to HBeAg-negative-carrier mothers, respectively. The chronicity rates of HBV infection acquired perinatally were 28.2% (17.4%–33.9%) in infants born to HBeAg-negative mothers and 64.5% (53.5%–100%) in infants born to HBeAg-positive mothers. HBV mother-to-child transmission was more frequent in East Asia relative to other areas. In addition to differences in the endemic HBV genotype, the interchange of allelic dominance in genetic polymorphisms in HLA class II and NF-κB between the Chinese and European populations may explain why chronic HBV infection frequently affects the Chinese. The risk of progressing into chronic infection was inversely related to the age of children at the time of horizontal transmission. To further diminish HBV chronic infection, it is necessary to enforce antiviral treatment after the 28th week of gestation for HBeAg-positive mothers and to improve the health habits of carrier mothers and household sanitary conditions.

Is mother-to-infant transmission the most important factor for persistent HBV infection?

Long term follow-up, treatment and prognosis of chronic hepatitis B patients in childhood.

OZET Objective: In this study, we aimed to retrospectively evaluate patients in terms of the treatment applied to them, their re- sponses to treatment, factors affecting the response to treat- ment and complications of the disease. Materials and Methods: A total of 89 patients included in the study were divided into five groups: those carrying hepatitis B virus, those receiving interferon treatment (IFN), those receiv- ing lavumidin treatment (LAM), those receiving lavumidin and interferon treatment (IFN+LAM), and those with chronic hepa- titis B but not receiving any medical treatment for this disease. Results: The rate of full viral clearance was 6.7%. The full re- sponse rate was 53.8% in the IFN group, 39.3% in the LAM group, and 29.4% in the IFN+LAM group. There was a statisti- cally significant relationship between the HBV DNA level at the time of treatment initiation and the response to treatment (p<0.05). After five years of follow- up, it was found that one patient experienced hepatic failure and one patient experi- enced esophageal varices. Conclusion: Complications associated with chronic HBV in- fection are rarely seen in the juvenile age group. Despite many treatment choices, only approximately one half of the patients show a full response to treatment.

Long Term Follow-Up, Treatment and Prognosis of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients in Childhood Çocukluk Çaği Kronik Hepatit B Olgularinda Uzun Süreli İzlem, Tedavi ve Prognoz

Seroprevalence of markers for hepatitis B viral infection

In this study, Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in 3.1% (19/602) of mothers just after delivery. HBsAg positivity was detected in 31% (6/19) in cord blood of newborn infants born from HBsAg positive mothers. Six months later, 15 of the HBsAg positive mothers and their children were screened serologically. HBsAg positivity persisted in only one child (1/15, 6.6%).

[The transfer of hepatitis B virus (HBV) from HBsAg(+) mothers to their babies].

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[The transfer of hepatitis B virus (HBV) from HBsAg(+) mothers to their babies].