Maternal obesity is associated with a wide spectrum of labour disorders, including preterm birth. Leptin, a pro-inflammatory adipokine and a key factor of obesity, is suspected to play a major role in these disorders. OB-R, its receptor, is expressed on macrophages and myocytes, two cell types critical for labour onset. Macrophages secrete reactive oxygen species/pro-inflammatory cytokines, responsible for myometrial differentiation while myocytes control uterine contractions. In this study, we assessed the effect of leptin on myometrial contraction and differentiation using our validated co-culture model of human primary macrophages and myocytes. We demonstrated that leptin had a different effect on myocytes and macrophages depending on the dose. A low leptin concentration induced a tocolytic effect by preventing myocytes’ contraction, differentiation, and macrophage-induced ROS production. Additionally, leptin led to an increase in HLA-G expression, suggesting that the tocolytic effect of leptin may be driven by HLA-G, a tolerogenic molecule. Finally, we observed that recombinant HLA-G also prevented LPS-induced ROS production by macrophages. Altogether, these data provide a putative molecular mechanism by which leptin may induce immune tolerance and therefore interfere with labour-associated mechanisms. Therefore, HLA-G represents a potential innovative therapeutic target in the pharmacological management of preterm labour.

/pdf/leptin-induced-hla-g-inhibits-myometrial-contraction-and-eseeeygk.pdf

Leptin-Induced HLA-G Inhibits Myometrial Contraction and Differentiation

BACKGROUND
Hypospadias continues to be a prevalent congenital anomaly affecting the male external genitalia, characterized by an unclear origin and complex treatment approaches. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with hypospadias and explore its genetic link with the DICER1 rs3742330 variant.


METHODS
The study involved two groups: 105 male children with hypospadias and 111 healthy male children as matched controls. Detailed history and physical examinations were conducted for all patients and controls. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism was utilized to identify the DICER1 rs3742330 variant, analyzing genotype distribution and allele frequency. Logistic regression analysis estimated the risk factors for hypospadias.


RESULTS
The mean age in the hypospadias group was 4.56 ± 2.50 years. The most prevalent type of hypospadias observed was the anterior type in 60 children (57.14%). Intrauterine growth restriction, advanced maternal age, and gestational hypertension were identified as significant risk factors for hypospadias (p = .011, p = .016, and p = .041, respectively). Regarding the genetic study, no significant difference was found in both genotype and allele frequencies of the DICER1 rs3742330 variant between case and control groups.


CONCLUSIONS
The rs3742330 variant in the DICER1 gene showed no association with hypospadias cases in the Algerian population. However, multivariate logistic regression analysis identified preterm birth, low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, advanced maternal age, gestational diabetes, and rural residence as the most significant independent predictors for hypospadias.

Potential risk factors for hypospadias and negative correlation with DICER1 (rs3742330) A>G variant in Algerian population: A case-control study.

Цель исследования. Оценить взаимосвязь между показателями углеводного и липидного обмена матери и формированием фетальной макросомии. Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ показателей углеводного обмена (глюкоза плазмы венозной крови натощак, гликированный гемоглобин) и липидного обмена (общий холестерин, триглицериды, липопротеины высокой и низкой плотности (ЛПВП, ЛПНП), соотношение ЛПВП/ЛПНП, лептин, адипонектин, соотношение адипонектин/лептин) у 76 беременных женщин с сахарным диабетом и 113 беременных женщин без нарушений углеводного обмена. Пропорциональность развития макросомных новорожденных определяли с помощью масса-ростового индекса и его центильной оценки относительно срока гестации и пола новорожденного с использованием онлайн-калькулятора INTERGROWTH-21st. Результаты. Уровень гликированного гемоглобина 6,5% и более в III триместре у беременных с сахарным диабетом является высокочувствительным (85,0%) предиктором формирования непропорциональной формы фетальной макросомии. Уровень материнских сывороточных адипокинов является фактором, ассоциированным с метаболическими нарушениями беременной женщины, но не оказывает прямого влияния на формирование фетальной макросомии. Дислипидемия (повышение уровня триглицеридов и соотношения ЛПНП/ЛПВП за счет снижения ЛПВП) в III триместре беременности наряду с нарушениями углеводного обмена повышает риск формирования фетальной макросомии. Заключение. Углубленный контроль биомаркеров углеводного и липидного профиля является важной составляющей первичной профилактики фетальной макросомии.
 Purpose of the study. To evaluate the relationship between indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of the mother and the formation of fetal macrosomia. Materials and methods. The analysis of indicators of carbohydrate metabolism (fasting venous blood plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin) and lipid metabolism (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high and low density lipoproteins, HDL/LDL ratio, leptin, adiponectin, adiponectin/leptin ratio) was carried out in 76 pregnant women with diabetes and 113 pregnant women without carbohydrate metabolism disorders. The proportionality of the development of macrosomal newborns was determined using the mass-height index and its centile assessment relative to the gestational age and sex of the newborn using the INTERGROWTH-21st online calculator. Results. The level of glycated hemoglobin of 6.5% or more in the III trimester in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus is a highly sensitive (85.0%) predictor of the formation of a disproportionate form of fetal macrosomia. The level of maternal serum adipokines is a factor associated with metabolic disorders of a pregnant woman, but does not directly affect the formation of fetal macrosomia. Dyslipidemia (increased triglyceride levels and LDL/HDL ratio due to a decrease in HDL) in the third trimester of pregnancy, along with carbohydrate metabolism disorders, increases the risk of fetal macrosomia. Conclusion. In-depth control of carbohydrate and lipid profile biomarkers is an important component of the primary prevention of fetal macrosomia.

/pdf/contribution-of-biomarkers-of-carbohydrate-and-lipid-profile-2ct589hq.pdf

Contribution of Biomarkers of Carbohydrate and Lipid Profile to the Formation of Fetal Macrosomia

Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) adalah keadaan dimana bayi lahir dengan berat badan kurang dari 2500 gram. WHO menjelaskan bahwa BBLR adalah penyumbang Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) tertinggi sekitar 60%-80%. Laporan Dinas Kesehatan Aceh juga masih menunjukkan angka kematian bayi yang meningkat 18% dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya dimana disebabkan oleh beberapa hal yang salah satunya adalah BBLR. Tujuan Penelitian adalah Menganalisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian BBLR Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Darussalam Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Tahapan yang akan dilakukan yaitu dengan melakukan kunjungan langsung ke puskesmas Darussalam untuk mengambil data lengkap ibu-ibu yang melahirkan bayi dengan BBLR. Dimana sebelumnya melakukan pendekatan dengan bidan desa untuk didampingi langsung mengunjungi ibu-ibu tersebut untuk mendapatkan data akurat atau data sekunder yang kita butuhkan untuk penelitian dimana peneliti langsung melakukan wawancara dengan ibu-ibu yang melahirkan bayi BBLR. Dimana jumlah ibu yang melahirkan bayi dengan BBLR berjumlah 32 orang. Setelah semua data responden di peroleh, maka peneliti akan langsung melakukan pengelompokan untuk selanjutnya dilakukan pengolahan data. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa kejadian BBLR berada pada kategori mati sebanyak 20 (37,5%), untuk riwayat melahirkan bayi BBLR berada pada kategori tidak BBLR sebanyak 17 (53,1%) dan untuk kejadian KEK berada pada kategori tidak KEKsebanyak 18 (56,2%). Pengaruh antara usia ibu dengan kejadian BBLR berpeluang 11 kali mempengaruhi dengan terjadinya kejadian BBLR dengan nilai P-Value 0,001. Nilai OR 10, riwayat melahirkan bayi BBLR dengan kejadian BBLR berpeluang 5 kali mempengaruhi dengan terjadinya kejadian BBLR dengan nilai P-Value 0,008. Nilai OR 5,3 dan pengaruh kejadian KEK dengan kejadian BBLR berpeluang 7 kali mempengaruhi dengan terjadinya kejadian BBLR dengan nilai P-Value 0,006. Nilai OR 7,1.

https://e-journal.ibi.or.id/index.php/jib/article/download/372/126

Analisis riwayat melahirkan berat bayi lahir rendah (bblr) dan kejadian kekurangan energi kronik (kek) di wilayah kerja puskesmas darussalam kabupaten aceh besar tahun 20222

Serum Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Might Be an Early Predictor of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Chinese Pregnant Women

Background Leptin is a polypeptide hormone that may be implicated in the pathogenesis of various disorders during pregnancy. We sought to determine serum leptin levels among pregnant women and their fetuses and to investigate their association with fetal and maternal variables. Method 452 pregnant women who attended to labor ward between January 2020 and August 2020 were included in the study. Serum leptin concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's correlation test were used for statistical analysis. A multivariate linear regression analysis was then performed. Significance level was considered at alpha Results The median maternal and fetal serum leptin levels were 6.42 [4.16-8.51] ng/mL and 2.9 [1.03-5.36] ng/mL respectively. There was no significant correlation between maternal and fetal serum leptin levels (p = 0.064). Maternal serum leptin levels correlated positively with maternal body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.117, p = 0.005). Besides, maternal serum leptin levels were significantly higher in nulliparous women (7.57 [4.45-9.30] ng/mL vs. 6.22 [4.02-8.30] ng/mL, p = 0.037) and in women who were in active labor (6.83 [4.39-8.92] ng/mL vs. 6.25 [4.04-8.30] ng/mL, p = 0.047). Fetal serum leptin levels were significantly higher in large for gestational age (LGA) fetuses (4.81 [2.13-7.22] ng/mL vs. 2.80 [0.96-5.16] ng/mL, p = 0.003) and in fetuses with preterm premature ruptures of membranes (PPROM) (5.23 [2.42-8.07] ng/mL vs. 2.86 [1.00-5.23] ng/mL, p = 0.021). Conclusion Maternal serum leptin levels were influenced by maternal BMI, parity and labor. Fetal serum leptin levels were higher among LGA fetuses and in fetuses with PPROM.

Maternal and fetal serum leptin levels and their association with maternal and fetal variables and labor: A cross-sectional study.

/pdf/polymorphisms-in-mirna-biogenesis-genes-and-the-risk-of-1qib4v0b.pdf

Polymorphisms in miRNA biogenesis genes and the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension among Jordanian women

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Maternal and fetal serum leptin levels and their association with maternal and fetal variables and labor: A cross-sectional study.

Polymorphisms in miRNA biogenesis genes and the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension among Jordanian women