A review on the advancements in phosphor-converted light emitting diodes (pc-LEDs): Phosphor synthesis, device fabrication and characterization

Utilizing energy transfer (ET) between the sensitizer and acceptor in phosphors is a good way to obtain tunable emission color. Therefore, many researchers have devoted their interest to design phosphors with different emission colors via their energy transfer properties. It is well known that Ce3+ and Bi3+ are good sensitizers, while Mn2+, Dy3+, Eu3+ and Sm3+ can be useful activators. Further, Eu2+ and Tb3+ can be both good sensitizers and activators. Therefore, herein we summarise many recent ET systems consisting of Eu2+–Mn2+/Tb3+, Eu2+–Tb3+–Mn2+/Eu3+/Sm3+, Ce3+–Mn2+/Tb3+/Dy3+/Eu2+, Ce3+–Tb3+–Mn2+/Eu3+/Sm3+, Bi3+–Eu3+/Sm3+ and Tb3+–Eu3+/Sm3+, which show tunable emission color from ultraviolet to blue and green, blue to green, yellow, orange and pink/red, cyan to green, orange and pink/red, and green to yellow/orange and red. Based on this summary, this review will be a good reference to benefit the design and investigation of phosphors potentially applied in FEDs and LEDs with ET.

Recent development in phosphors with different emitting colors via energy transfer

A series of novel color-tunable Ba3Y4O9:Bi3+,Eu3+ phosphors were prepared for the first time via the high-temperature solid-state reaction route. The effect of Bi3+ concentration on the emission intensity of Ba3Y4O9:Bi3+ was investigated. The emission spectra of the Ba3Y4O9:Bi3+,Eu3+ phosphors present both a greenish yellow band of Bi3+ emission centered at 523 nm, and many characteristic emission lines of Eu3+, derived from the allowed 3P1–1S0 transition of the Bi3+ ion and the 5D0–7FJ transition of the Eu3+ ion, respectively. The energy transfer phenomenon from Bi3+ to Eu3+ ions is observed under UV excitation in Bi3+, Eu3+ co-doped Ba3Y4O9 phosphors, and their transfer mechanism is demonstrated to be a resonant type via dipole–quadrupole interaction. The critical distance between Bi3+ and Eu3+ for the energy transfer effect was calculated via the concentration quenching and spectral overlap methods. Results show that color tuning from greenish yellow to orange red can be realized by adjusting the mole ratio of Bi3+ and Eu3+ concentrations based on the principle of energy transfer. Moreover, temperature-dependent PL properties, CIE chromaticity coordinates and quantum yields of Ba3Y4O9:Bi3+,Eu3+ phosphors were also supplied. It is illustrated that the as-prepared Ba3Y4O9:Bi3+,Eu3+ phosphors can be potential candidates for color-tunable phosphors applied in UV-pumped LEDs.

A novel greenish yellow-orange red Ba3Y4O9:Bi3+,Eu3+ phosphor with efficient energy transfer for UV-LEDs

Recent Advances in Bismuth Ion‐Doped Phosphor Materials: Structure Design, Tunable Photoluminescence Properties, and Application in White LEDs

The interaction of water with TiO2 is crucial to many of its practical applications, including photocatalytic water splitting. Following the first demonstration of this phenomenon 40 years ago there have been numerous studies of the rutile single-crystal TiO2(110) interface with water. This has provided an atomic-level understanding of the water-TiO2 interaction. However, nearly all of the previous studies of water/TiO2 interfaces involve water in the vapour phase. Here, we explore the interfacial structure between liquid water and a rutile TiO2(110) surface pre-characterized at the atomic level. Scanning tunnelling microscopy and surface X-ray diffraction are used to determine the structure, which is comprised of an ordered array of hydroxyl molecules with molecular water in the second layer. Static and dynamic density functional theory calculations suggest that a possible mechanism for formation of the hydroxyl overlayer involves the mixed adsorption of O2 and H2O on a partially defected surface. The quantitative structural properties derived here provide a basis with which to explore the atomistic properties and hence mechanisms involved in TiO2 photocatalysis.

Structure of a model TiO2 photocatalytic interface

Optical signals of pH probes mainly driven from the formation or rupture of covalent bonds, whereas the changes in covalent bonds usually require higher chemical driving forces, resulting in limited sensitivity and reversibility of the probes. The exploration of high-performance pH probes has been a subject of intense investigation. Herein, a new pH probe has been developed, with optical property investigation suggesting the probe has excellent signal-to-noise ratio, and fluorescence intensity shows exponential growth, combined with a visible color change, as pH increased from 5.1 to 6.0; Moreover, the probe has outstanding stability and reversibility, with more than 90% of the initial signal intensity remaining after 30 cycles. In order to better understand the special fluorescence behavior of the reported probe, the non-halogenated isomer is introduced for comparison, combined with the results of structural analysis, quantitative calculation and optical experiments, and the possible mechanism of the special supramolecular aggregation-caused quenching effect induced by the halogen atom is discussed.

/pdf/rigid-schiff-base-complex-supermolecular-aggregates-as-a-q7lowml0.pdf

Rigid Schiff Base Complex Supermolecular Aggregates as a High-Performance pH Probe: Study on the Enhancement of the Aggregation-Caused Quenching (ACQ) Effect via the Substitution of Halogen Atoms

The structure and luminescence properties of green Ca3Al2O6:Bi3+ phosphors

High-performance 1D type-II TiO 2 @ZnO core-shell nanorods arrays photoanodes for photoelectrochemical solar fuel production

Luminescence properties of red-emitting Ca9Y(PO4)7: Eu3+ phosphor for NUV white-LEDs

Bi3+-doped Sr3Al2O6: An unusual color-tunable phosphor for solid state lighting

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