List of illustrations Preface 1. The relevance of archaeological history 2. Classical archaeology and antiquarianism 3. The beginnings of scientific archaeology 4. The imperial synthesis 5. Culture-historical archaeology 6. Soviet archaeology 7. Functionalism in Western archaeology 8. Neo-evolutionism and the New Archaeology 9. The explanation of diversity 10. Archaeology and its social context Bibliographical essay References Index.

A History of Archaeological Thought

Introduction . Acknowledgments . Part I: Northern Theory . Empire and the creation of a social science. Modern general theory and its hidden assumptions. Imagining globalisation. Part II: Looking South . The discovery of Australia. Part III: Southern Theory . Indigenous knowledge and African Renaissance. Islam and Western dominance. Dependency, autonomy and culture. Power, violence and the pain of colonialism. Part IV: Antipodean Reflections . The silence of the land. Social science on a world scale. References . Index

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Extracts from Southern Theory: The global dynamics of knowledge in social science

Functional requirements of activities do not alone explain variability in the technologies of forager groups. Rather, they are one among a larger set of factors that determine how technologies are organized within cultural systems. Failure to consider these other factors can impair interpretations of behavior based on analysis of artifact assemblages. One promising avenue of research is the relationship between technology and settlement mobility. Ethnographic evidence shows that elements of technology are related to the settlement mobility of forager societies. The implications of this relationship for archaeology are far-reaching, and they deserve careful consideration.

Technological Organization and Settlement Mobility: An Ethnographic Examination

All humans share certain components of tooth structure, but show variation in size and morphology around this shared pattern which is studied by dental anthropologists. This book presents the first worldwide synthesis of the global variation in tooth structure in recent populations. It:describes the methods and assumptions used by dental anthropologistsdiscusses the genetic basis of nonmetric dental traitsportrays the geographic variation of tooth crown and root traitsanalyzes dental variation on a global scale paralleling major genetic and craniometric analysesThe book illustrates more than 30 tooth crown and root traits and reviews their biological and genetic underpinnings. This analysis links extinct and extant populations and so serves as a useful tool for elucidating population relationships and histories. 

The Anthropology of Modern Human Teeth

Comparing food taboos across 78 cultures, this paper demonstrates that meat, though a prized food, is also the principal target of proscriptions. Reviewing existing explanations of taboos, we find that both functionalist and symbolic approaches fail to account for meat's cross-cultural centrality and do not reflect experience-near aspects of food taboos, principal among which is disgust. Adopting an evolutionary approach to the mind, this paper presents an alternative to existing explanations of food taboos. Consistent with the attendant risk of pathogen transmission, meat has special salience as a stimulus for humans, as animal products are stronger elicitors of disgust and aversion than plant products. We identify three psychosocial processes, socially-mediated ingestive conditioning, egocentric empathy, and normative moralization, each of which likely plays a role in transforming individual disgust responses and conditioned food aversions into institutionalized food taboos.

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Meat Is Good to Taboo: Dietary Proscriptions as a Product of the Interaction of Psychological Mechanisms and Social Processes

Preface 1. Introduction 2. The social organisation of the tribes 3. Certain ceremonies concerned with marriage, together with a discussion regarding the same 4. The totems 5. The churinga or bull roarers of the Arunta and other tribes 6. Intichiuma ceremonies 7. Initiation ceremonies 8. Initiation ceremonies (continued) 9. Initiation ceremonies (continued) 10. Traditions dealing with the origin of the Alcheringa ancestors of the Arunta tribe and with particular customs 11. Traditions dealing with the origin of the Alcheringa ancestors of the Arunta tribe and with particular customs (continued) 12. Customs concerned with knocking out of teeth, etc. 13. The customs of Kurdaitcha and Illapurinja and the avenging party or atninga 14. Customs relating to burial and mourning 15. The Iruntarinia and Arumburinga, or spirit individuals 16. The making and the powers of medicine men various forms of magic 17. Methods of obtaining wives 18. Myths relating to sun, moon, eclipses, etc. 19. Clothing, weapons, implements, decorative art Appendices Glossary of native terms used Index.

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The Native Tribes of Central Australia

Preface 1. Introduction 2. Social organisation and marriage regulations 3. Initiation ceremonies 4. Totemic systems and totem groups 5. Sacred sticks, bull-roarers, and ceremonial objects 6. Burial and mourning ceremonies 7. Magic and medicine 8. Beliefs in regard to the origin of children 9. Traditions concerning Imberombera, the Great Ancestor, and also other ancestors of the Kakadu nation 10. Various traditions, customs, and beliefs 11. Food restrictions 12. Weapons and implements 13. Clothing and ornament 14. Decorative art Appendix Glossary of native terms Index.

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Native tribes of the Northern Territory of Australia

Sir Baldwin Spencer (1860–1929) was a British/Australian biologist and anthropologist, best known for his work amongst the indigenous Aboriginal tribes of Australia. After graduating from Exeter College, Oxford in 1884, Spencer was elected a fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, before being appointed the Professor of Biology at the University of Melbourne. In 1896 Spencer joined his friend and co-author Francis James Gillen (1855–1912) to undertake fieldwork during the Aboriginal tribal gathering known as the Engwura. This pioneering volume, first published in 1899, is the result of this fieldwork. Spencer and Gillen were initiated as members of the Arunta tribe and became the first Europeans to witness many tribal customs and social structures. The kinship structures, marriage and burial ceremonies and religious beliefs of several tribes are described. This fascinating volume influenced contemporary ideas concerning palaeolithic society and the origins of art and religion.

Native Tribes of Central Australia

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Wanderings in wild Australia

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The Native Tribes of Central Australia

Native tribes of the Northern Territory of Australia

Native Tribes of Central Australia

Wanderings in wild Australia

The Native Tribes of Central Australia