A nanobainitic matrix composing of nanoscale α phase and carbon-riched γ phase was obtained for the ductile iron by austempering treatment The microstructure and properties of ductile iron were compared with GCr15 The microstructural characteristic gave rise to a good strength with an ultimate tensile strength higher than 1200 MPa, which was comparable and even superior to conventionally forged steels The friction coefficient of the ductile iron was approximate 1/3 compared with that of commercial GCr15 under dry sliding wear condition, which was related to the existence of homogeneously distributed spheroidal graphite in ductile iron The low friction coefficient and moderate strength resulted in a superior wear resistance of ductile iron with nanobainitic matrix by contrast to GCr15

A superior strength and sliding-wear resistance combination of ductile iron with nanobainitic matrix

Laser quenching is an effective method to improve the surface performance of steel and iron. However, temper softening in overlapping zone often exists in multi-track laser quenching process and results in non-uniform hardness and residual stress distribution in the surface of component. Here, QT-700-2 nodular cast iron (QT-700-2) was performed by laser quenching with the maximum power of 3000 W and subsequent dual shot peening. With optimized laser quenching power of 1200 W and dual shot peening intensity of 0.5 mmA +0.25 mmA, the surface characteristics and wear resistance of treated QT-700-2 were investigated. The results showed that the average residual stress and hardness values of QT-700-2 after laser quenching plus dual shot peening were increased to −564 MPa and HRC 56.8, which were 179% and 9% higher than that of samples treated only by laser quenching. Meanwhile, the uniformity of the residual stress and hardness distribution were greatly improved. Comparing the wear testing results, it found that the friction coefficient and wear scratch width of QT-700-2 after laser quenching-shot peening treatment were larger than that original matrix in the load range of 10–30 N. However, the wear loss of QT-700-2 with combined treatment of laser quenching and dual shot peening was only one-third of that for matrix. The mechanism was discussed and it can be ascribed to the formation of refined microstructure constituting martensite and graphite, high compressive residual stress and enhanced hardness in the surface layer.

Surface characteristic and wear resistance of QT-700-2 nodular cast iron after laser quenching combing with shot peening treatment

The isothermal heat treatment process has been identified as a unique process of fabricating exceptional graphite cast iron due to its remarkable mechanical properties, such as excellent machinability, toughness, and high level of ultimate tensile strength. Austempered ductile iron (ADI), ductile iron (DI), and gray cast iron (GCI), known as spheroidal cast irons, are viable alternative materials compared to traditional steel casting, as well as aluminum casting. The graphite nodules from the microstructures of DI, ADI, and GCI are consistently encompassed by acicular ferrite and carbon-saturated austenite in the matrix, forming a distinctive ausferritic structure. All these materials are extensively used in the fabrication of engine sleeves, engine blocks, valves, gears, and camshafts in the automobile sector. With relative motion and outward loads, these components are regularly exposed to surface contact. In this project, it was observed that austempering temperature and a shorter holding period could also be used to manufacture needle-like ferrite platelets for austempered ductile iron (ADI) and other graphite cast irons. To overcome the brittleness challenges and catastrophic failures encountered by applied loads in present-day applications, it is essential to comprehend the isothermal treatments, morphological behaviors, phase analyses, processing techniques, and mechanical properties needed to properly incorporate these materials into future designs. This review article provides detailed information on the characterization and relevant potential mechanisms of ADI, DI, and GCI.

/pdf/a-review-on-heat-treatment-of-cast-iron-phase-evolution-and-1sdvxcy1.pdf

A Review on Heat Treatment of Cast Iron: Phase Evolution and Mechanical Characterization

Wear mechanisms and wear resistance of austempered ductile iron in reciprocal sliding contact

In this study, the effect of the austempering times on the microstructures and mechanical properties of dual-matrix structure austempered ductile iron (DMS-ADI) was investigated. With this aim, unalloyed as-cast ductile iron tensile samples were austenitized at 810 °C for 30 min to intercritical austenitizing followed by austempering at 350°C for various austempering times (45 min to 180 min). Experimental results showed that dual-matrix structures consisting of proeutectoid ferrite + ausferrite were obtained in austempered ductile iron from intercritical austenitizing temperatures. It was determined that as the austempering time increased, the ausferritic structure became considerably clear and its volume fraction was almost constant (45–47%) after 90 min of austempering time. The yield and tensile strength of the samples decreased and the total elongation and breaking energy increased with increasing austempering times, but after the 120-min austempering time, both the total elongation and breaking energy of the samples decreased. It was established that the austempering times had no significant effect on the morphology of ausferrite. The best mechanical properties were obtained between 70- and 130-minute austempering times that can be defined as the processing window. In addition, it was determined that the DMS-ADI had similar austempering kinetics with the ADI.

Effect of Austempering Times on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Dual-Matrix Structure Austempered Ductile Iron (DMS-ADI)

Tribological behavior of austempered ductile iron (ADI) obtained at different austempering temperatures

Influence of Graphite Nodules on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hollow Ductile‐Iron Pipe after Austempering Treatment

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Tribological behavior of austempered ductile iron (ADI) obtained at different austempering temperatures

Influence of Graphite Nodules on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hollow Ductile‐Iron Pipe after Austempering Treatment