Internet of Things (IoT) based Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) Patient Monitoring system has a wide prospective of becoming an essential segment of the forthcoming medical sector. In certain, these models can play vital role for tracking health status of ICU or SICU patient encountering abnormal conditions. Any smart health care patient monitoring device should be free from erroneous data, which may arise due to components failure and communication inaccuracy. In this project we are using Atmega328 microcontroller for additional memory and pins. The heart of the proposed system architecture is Node MCU microcontroller. The Node MCU microcontroller uploads the sensors data into the ThingSpeak cloud along with data and time and monitoring the sensors values on LCD display and also if any abnormality conditions of patient the system gives the audible alerts through Buzzer. This paper deals about the checking of health data like Pulse, Spo2, Body Temperature, ECG and Ambience monitoring such as Room Temperature, Pressure and Altitude and in addition to detect fall we use MEMS sensor.

SICU Ambience and Patient Health Monitoring System with IOT principles

Health monitoring systems have achieved great popularity and great importance, especially with the presence of pandemics, large numbers of patients, and a lack of health staff. The presence of sensors on the patient's body to measure blood pressure, body temperature, and heart rate, in addition to room temperature and humidity, constantly supports the specialized medical staff in measuring these indicators. The advantage of these devices is that they are with the patient all the time, and a nurse cannot accompany a patient for this period. In this paper, a health care system is designed and implemented to measure vital signs and room environment temperature and humidity. ESP32 receives the vital signs data from the patient and his room. This information has been sent to the Raspberry Pi 4 where the information was compared to the information provided by the doctor to ensure obtaining the alarm when the measure has a large difference. The system obtains two types of alarms; the first is a medical alarm that accrues when vital signs are high or low from the normal measurements. This alarm calls the medical staff, while the second alarm occurs during a hardware malfunction. The second type of alarm call the technical staff. Testing the system shows that the two types of alarm have been recognized on their occurrence. All these measurements and alarms have been stored in the cloud for patient health monitoring. 

Real- Time Healthcare Monitoring and Treatment System Based Microcontroller with IoT

The automation of medical systems is one of the most important topics and that takes the highest priority in our time due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which has caused human disasters without knowing the exact diagnosis of patients and other diseases. Therefore, it has been recently started to rely on sensors to support medical results and monitor the patient throughout the day, and this in itself is an application of Internet of Things (IoT) which is called Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). The expansion and reliability of this type of systems need to secure the systems, infrastructure, devices and used sensors. This paper focuses on the proposal key to encrypt the data stored in the database by relying on artificial intelligence algorithms and Bezier curves based on the dynamic number generated in the medical platform as an input to it. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm was chosen because it is fast to implement and to support limited devices within the used network. Also, the logistic map function was used to generate the randomness of the generated key. The proposed key has also been examined and it has passed the five randomness tests and succeeded in 13 out of 16 tests within the NIST tests.

Index Terms— Bezier Curve, healthcare system, Internet of Medical Things, Optimization Swarm Optimization.

Proposed Secure Key for Healthcare Platform

Ensuring the well-being of people is one of the most important responsibilities in modern society. Medical Internet of Things (IoMT) plays a key role in the medical and healthcare fields. This research aims to develop a patient monitoring system using sensors and Arduino platforms, combining hardware and software components. The system includes three main sensors to collect and transmit patient health data to a central server via a network. If an anomaly is detected, the system instantly notifies the doctor with an alarm message. To evaluate the convenience and importance of the system for patients, tests were conducted on 287 people. Patient data included various characteristics such as age, gender, place of residence, hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count and other data obtained at the last doctor's visit, as well as daily data from Arduino sensors. The effectiveness of the system was rated as high: 85% of patients expressed satisfaction, 7% were not completely satisfied, and the rest did not participate in the survey. The adequacy and accuracy of cardiovascular disease prediction was also assessed. The system's usability and ease of use received high marks from patients, who also noted its reliability compared to other monitoring methods. The use of data in the intelligent part of the system makes it possible to predict the development of cardiovascular diseases and track the progress of the disease, although this requires more research.

Intelligent monitoring system based on Atmega microcontrollers in healthcare with stress reduce effect

The normal range for blood oxygen saturation is 80–100%. As a result, the body’s blood oxygen levels must be maintained. Humans are also essential to keep their cardiac condition in good working order. Because the heart is a vital organ in the human body, its disease is the leading cause of death. As a result, the heart’s state must be checked, one of which is the condition of a normal pulse range from 60 to 100 beats per minute. Monitoring human body temperature is just as critical as monitoring oxygen saturation and heart rate, especially in young children. Science and technological advancements must be able to assist in the resolution of human medical difficulties. challenges that threaten human survival, an integrated assessment of oxygen saturation in the lungs was used in this investigation. The human body’s blood, heart rate, and temperature have been combined into a single tool, with measurement results shown immediately on the measuring instrument’s LCD display. The MAX30100 sensor detects blood oxygen saturation and heart rate, while the MLX90614 sensor detects body temperature. All of the sensors are linked to the Arduino. Temperature, oxygen saturation, and heart rate are all measured by the unique sensors. The code for each sensor is written using the Arduino software. Following that, the entire set of results is presented on the LCD panel. One of the advantages of the device used is that it is light in weight and can be carried anywhere and easily, accurate reading, takes more than one reading at a time (it is possible to measure the temperature and the percentage of oxygen saturation at the same time), and low cost, unlike the devices used in the medical field. Another feature of this device is the use of the keyboard. This panel is used in the project for security and to lock the equipment so that only the operator and responsible engineer can use it. Three tables have been created to compare the sensors used in the paper with standard medical equipment used in hospitals. The result is reached. The sensors have been tested on ten different age groups, including adults, teens, and children, and have been proven to be highly accurate and reliable, allowing the doctor to get readings and detect problems. 

Design a medical device to monitor the human body (blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, body temperature)

In this work, a healthcare monitoring system-based Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is proposed, implemented, analyze it by artificial intelligence using fuzzy logic. Atmega microcontroller was used to achieve the function of the proposed work and provide the area for monitoring and Analytic(decision) to the caretakers or doctors through putting the results in the platform. In this paper, the heart rate pulse sensor and infrared temperature sensor are chosen, which give skin temperature and room temperature to provide their results to the caretaker. The decision that gives the patient is in a normal state, or the fuzzy logic does an abnormal state or risk state. The fuzzy logic is used for it accurate and fast in processing data and gives a result very closer to the reality in smart health services. IoMT enables the doctors and caretakers to monitor the patient easily at any time and any place by using their intelligent laptops, tablets, and phones. Finally, the proposed system can contribute to the construction of a wide healthcare monitoring system in the unit or in the department that follows on for the hospital. Therefore, Doctors can improve the accuracy of the diagnosis, as they receive all the patient data necessary.

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Healthcare Monitoring and Analytic System Based Internet of Thing

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Healthcare Monitoring and Analytic System Based Internet of Thing