Treatment of H2S-containing gases : a review of microbiological alternatives

Sulfate reduction and methane oxidation activity below the sulfate-methane transition zone in Alaskan Beaufort Sea continental margin sediments: Implications for deep sulfur cycling

Beneficial co-treatment of simple wet flue gas desulphurization wastes with freshwater sewage through development of mixed denitrification–SANI process

This invention provides a process for the biotreatment of effluent from waste gas scrubbing systems of hydrocarbon processing facilities and for the biotreatment of sulfide- and ammonia-containing wastewater streams from other sources. Sulfides are minimized by bacteria cultures, particularly Thiobacillus. COD, TKN and BOD are concurrently minimized by co-cultures of the bacteria with various heterotrophs. In a version of the process, the co-cultures of the bacteria with various heterotrophs are also capable of performing nitrification, without application of nitrifiers. Acclimation of the heterotrophs to the species to be removed is accomplished by biological acclimation and enrichment reactors which reduce mycell toxicity to the heterotrophs. To control pH of the heterotrophic reaction with sulfides, magnesium oxide (MgO) and caustic are used separately or in combination. With adequate removal of the COD, TKN and BOD, nitrification and removal of ammonia can be accomplished by nitrifying bacteria cultures, particularly nitrosomonas and nitrobacters. Enrichment of the nitrosomonas and nitrobacters is accomplished by using a biological enrichment reactor. To control pH and provide a carbon source for the nitrosomonas and nitrobacters, a combination of magnesium oxide and sodium bicarbonate is utilized.

Biotreatment of wastewater from hydrocarbon processing units

A process for treating sulphide-containing water includes maintaining a steep redox potential gradient in an interface zone of the sulphide-containing water. The water is exposed to an oxygen-containing environment, and the interface zone is located immediately below the surface of the water. Sulphide in the water is biologically oxidized, in the interface zone, to sulphur. The sulphur may be removed by settling, thereby achieving a final removal of sulphur compounds.

Treatment of water

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/bit.260340316

Reduction of sulfur dioxide by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans in co‐culture with fermentative heterotrophs

Microbial reduction of sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide

A biological process is described involving the conversion of SO2 to H2 S using sulfate reducing bacteria in co-culture with facultatively anaerobic heterotrophs under anaerobic conditions in a maintenance medium which includes a substrate fermentable by the facultatively anaerobic heterotrophs to produce an end product which acts as the carbon and energy source for the sulfate reducing bacteria. Glucose and sewage sludge are the two fermentable substrates described. The process is described as being used in conjunction with a process for removing SO2 from a flue gas and then converting the SO2 to H2 S. The H2 S may be reacted with some remaining SO2 in a Claus reactor to produce elemental sulfur or the H2 S may be used as a reducing gas to regenerate the sorbent being used to remove the SO2 from the flue gas.

Microbial process for the reduction of sulfur dioxide

A study has been conducted of the feasibility of utilizing the sulfate reducing bacteriumDesulfovibrio desulfuricans and the chemoautotrophThiobacillus denitrificans as a basis of a microbial process for the removal of sulfur dioxide from a gas with net oxidation to sulfate. In reactors-in-series, SO2 was reduced to H2S in the first stage by D.desulfuricans. The H2S was then stripped with nitrogen and sent to a second stage where it was oxidized to sulfate by T.denitrificans. A sulfur balance demonstrated complete reduction of SO2 to H2S in the first stage and complete oxidation of H2S to sulfate in the second stage.

Microbial removal of sulfur dioxide from a gas stream with net oxidation to sulfate

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Reduction of sulfur dioxide by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans in co‐culture with fermentative heterotrophs

Microbial reduction of sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide

Microbial process for the reduction of sulfur dioxide

Microbial removal of sulfur dioxide from a gas stream with net oxidation to sulfate