To better understand the genetic control of resin yield, growth traits and morphologic traits for Pinus elliottii families, genetic relationships among these traits were examined in three 27-year-old progeny trials located in Jingdezhen, Jian and Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China. In total, 3695 trees from 112 families were assessed at the three sites. Significant site, family and family × site effects were found for resin yield, growth traits and morphologic traits. Resin yield and growth traits were found to be under moderate genetic control for the three sites combined, with family heritability and individual narrow-sense heritability ranging from 0.41 to 0.55 and 0.11 to 0.27, respectively. The coefficient of genotypic variation (CVG) of stem volume (SV) and crown surface area (CSA) were higher than those of other traits at each site. Genetic correlation estimates indicated that selection for growth traits might lead to a large increment in resin yield (RY), and most morphologic traits had moderate to strong correlations with growth traits at each individual site. One possible strategy in tree breeding would be to maximize resin production through selection for growth traits.

Genetic Variation, Heritability and Genotype × Environment Interactions of Resin Yield, Growth Traits and Morphologic Traits for Pinus elliottii at Three Progeny Trials

Resin tapping: A review of the main factors modulating pine resin yield

Pine resin, which typically consists of terpenoids, is a natural product used in various industrial applications. Oleoresin can be obtained from the xylem tissue by wounding the stem bark. Pinus massoniana (masson pine) is an important resin-tapping tree species that originated in southern China. Masson pines with different genetic backgrounds typically have different resin-yielding capacities (RYCs). However, the mechanisms underlying high resin yield in masson pines are unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the possible genetic regulation pathways and functional genes that influence the resin yield. In this study, we conducted transcriptomic and metabolomic studies of masson pine secondary xylem with high, medium, and low RYCs. A total of 230,068 unigenes and 3894 metabolites were identified from the tissue of the secondary xylem. Several differentially expressed regulation factors, including WRKY, bHLH, and ERF, and functional genes such as PKc and LRR-RLKs, were identified among these masson pines. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were mainly focused on diterpenoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and ABC transporters. Furthermore, integration of the transcriptomic and metabolomic data indicated that the PKc- and LRR-RLK-related regulatory and metabolic pathways may play critical roles in the biosynthesis of terpenoids. These above results improve our understanding of the biosynthesis mechanism of oleoresin in P. massoniana and facilitate further research work into the functional analysis of these candidate genes.

Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal several critical metabolic pathways and candidate genes involved in resin biosynthesis in Pinus massoniana

Identification of the diterpenoid biosynthesis genes and their expression status in relation to oleoresin yield of masson pine

Abstract Tree height and diameter at breast height of 30 half-sib Larix kaempferi families were analyzed at different ages. Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in growth among different families. Phenotypic variation coefficients of the traits tree height and diameter at breast height among families of different ages ranged from 11.04 % to 31.74 % and 19.01 % to 19.83 %, respectively. Average heritability of tree height and diameter at breast height ranged from 0.87 to 0.96 and 0.93 to 0.96, respectively. Significant positive correlations were observed among all traits at different ages. By the method of multiple-traits comprehensive, six families (L18, L12, L8, L3, L25 and L20) were selected as being elite using a 20 % selection ratio at 12 years of age. Average values of these elite families were 11.15 % and 16.83 % higher than the total average for height and diameter at breast height, and genetic gains were 10.53 % and 15.79 %, respectively. Forty five elite individual plants were selected using a 5 % selection ratio which were 23.47 % and 24.90 % higher than the overall average for height and diameter at breast height, respectively.

/pdf/forward-backward-selection-and-variation-analysis-of-growth-12dt1e5800.pdf

Forward, backward selection and variation analysis of growth traits in half-sib Larix kaempferi families

Abstract Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb) has long been employed as a main source of pine resin in China. To get a better understanding of genetic regulation of resinyielding capacity (RYC), a total of 50 open-pollinated families of masson pine were planted at three testing sites for progeny testing. Investigation was conducted at ages 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 20, 24 and 26 years to study inheritance, age-age genetic correlation, and early selection efficiency for RYC, height (HT), diameter at breast height (DBH) and volume of individual tree (VOL). Growth characteristics increased gradually with age. RYC had a rapid increase at early ages (before age 15) ficients of variations (CV) for four traits showed a decreasing trend with age and the decreasing rate was rapid at early ages and minor at later ages. Heritability for four traits was relatively stable with minor fluctuation. For across-age classes, heritability was the highest for height, intermediate for RYC, and lowest for volume and DBH. RYC had highly positive genetic correlations with three growth characteristics. Genotype-by-environment interaction for four traits was stronger at Yunan than at other testing sites. Age-age genetic correlations were high for four traits studied, reaching 0.7 after age 9 for most analyses. Early selection at age 13 was highly effective for height, age 15 for DBH and volume, and age 11 for RYC.

/pdf/age-trends-in-genetic-parameters-for-growth-and-resin-3xn3t43mqn.pdf

Age Trends in Genetic Parameters for Growth and Resin-Yielding Capacity in Masson Pine

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Age Trends in Genetic Parameters for Growth and Resin-Yielding Capacity in Masson Pine