A new, easy and cost-effective synthetic procedure for the preparation of thermosetting melamine-based epoxy resins is reported. By this innovative synthetic method, different kinds of resins can be obtained just by mixing the reagents in the presence of a catalyst without solvent and with mild curing conditions. Two types of resins were synthesized using melamine and a glycidyl derivative (resins I) or by adding a silane derivative (resin II). The resins were characterized by means of chemical-physical and thermal techniques. Experimental results show that all the prepared resins have a good thermal stability, but differ for their mechanical properties: resin I exhibits remarkable stiffness with a storage modulus value up to 830 MPa at room temperature, while lower storage moduli were found for resin II, indicating that the presence of silane groups could enhance the flexibility of these materials. The resins show a pot life higher than 30 min, which makes these resins good candidates for practical applications. The functionalization with silane terminations can be exploited in the formulation of hybrid organic-inorganic composite materials.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/14/9/18200/pdf

Synthesis and Characterizations of Melamine-Based Epoxy Resins

Coating is the easiest and cheapest method to prevent corrosion. Every country spends enormous money due to the adverse effect of corrosion. Marine industry is facing lot of issues because of corrosion and biofouling problems. There are restrictions to use harmful biocides in antifouling coatings for boats, yachts and ships. In the market, antifouling coatings have been developed using more than 50 wt% of biocide loading. In this work, an attempt was made to reduce the usage of biocide to protect the ocean environment and production cost. In this work, polyester-epoxy resins have been used as the binder to formulate the coating system. The developed coating systems were analysed to evaluate physical, mechanical, structural, thermal and electrochemical properties. The anticorrosion property was examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The variation of coating resistance, Rc was calculated by analyzing the Bode plot from the impedance data obtained. From FTIR and DSC studies, the formation of crosslinking between the resins was explained. From the performance analyses, the binder system consisting of 90 wt% polyester and 10 wt% epoxy has shown better performance compared to other compositions. It has been selected to develop antifouling coatings. Copper and copper oxides were added as biocide in the antifouling coating system. The optimum pigment volume concentrations of the biocides were found. The best coating resistance, Rc for both copper and copper oxide binder system was found to be in the order of 108 ohm at the end of 30 days of exposure in artificial seawater. Antifouling property of this developed coatings depend on the leaching of the biocide from the coatings. The leaching has been measured by immersing the coated panels in different electrolyte solutions. The electrolyte samples were tested by ICP-OES. The metal concentration in different types of electrolytes reveals that the amount of leaching is greater for the seawater as compared to the distilled water and artificial seawater. The real-time seawater exposure test was carried
iv
at two locations such as Lumut, Perak and Penang Island in Malaysia. The copper oxide based antifouling coating system showed the best performance in real exposure in seawater since the adhesion of the coating to the steel plates was very good. The microorganism growth on the coated panels was prevented by the leaching of biocide. It has been confirmed by SEM micrographs which were free of microorganism on the surface. From the results it was found that 25 % PVC of copper based antifouling coating and 25 % PVC of copper oxide based antifouling coating showed better performance. Booster biocide (diuron) was added from 1wt. % to 5 wt.% into the two best antifouling coating systems to study the effect of diuron on the antifouling properties. SEM micrographs revealed that the performance of the copper oxide-diuron antifouling coating system was better than the copper oxide antifouling coating system.

A study on the characteristics of copper and copper oxide-based antifouling coatings / Leeana Ismail

Epoxy resin GY250 representing diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) was reinforced with 1, 3 and 5 wt % of surface functionalized silver nanoparticles (F-AgNPs) which were synthesized using Couroupita guianensis leaves extract with a view of augmenting the corrosion control property of the epoxy resin and also imparting antimicrobial activity to epoxy coatings on mild steel. Corrosion resistance of the coatings was evaluated by EIS, potentiodynamic polarization studies and cross scratch tests. AFM, SEM, HRTEM and EDX were utilized to investigate the surface topography, morphology and elemental composition of the coatings on MS specimens. Results showed that the corrosion resistance, hardness and T-g of the DGEBA/F-AgNPs coatings increased at 1 wt % of F-AgNPs. The DGEBA/F-AgNPs coatings also offered manifold antimicrobial protection to the MS surfaces by inhibiting the growth of biofilm forming bacteria like P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, the most common human pathogen E. coli and the most virulent human pathogenic yeast C. albicans.

Green Nanosilver as Reinforcing Eco-Friendly Additive to Epoxy Coating for Augmented Anticorrosive and Antimicrobial Behavior

A hybrid epoxy resin one pack emulsion was synthesized with conventional emulsion polymerization technique. Electrochemical impedance tests were applied to steel specimens coated with hybrid epoxy and tested after immersion in 3.5% Nacl solution for different periods at room temperature. Results taken from Nyquist and Bode plots and as were analyzed by means of software provided with the instrument. Specimens were examined under scanning electron microscope shows a clear rupture and degradation in hybrid epoxy coatings

https://www.imedpub.com/articles/corrosion-performance-of-hybrid-epoxy-resin-coatings-withelectrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy.pdf

Corrosion Performance of Hybrid Epoxy Resin Coatings withElectrochemical impedance Spectroscopy

Epoxy resin is used from last few decades for coating application in many fields Nowadays use af waterboine resins for coating is increased because it is environment friendly, reduces volatile organic compounds (VOC) emission and reduces cost due to use of water as solvent. Properties of Epoxy resin are improved by preparation of their hybrids. In this paper some of the techniques like Blending, Alloying, Sol-gel, Emulsion polymerization used for preparation of hybrid epoxy resin are discussed There are different types of hybrid epoxy resin used in coating application some of them are reviewed in this paper. The curing agents used for curing of epoxy resin are also discussed. The characterization of the hybrid epoxies had very much importance to research workers, the different instruments and methods used for characterization are also mentioned.

Epoxy resin and their hybrid for coating application: A review

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Corrosion Performance of Hybrid Epoxy Resin Coatings withElectrochemical impedance Spectroscopy

Epoxy resin and their hybrid for coating application: A review