Atmospheric composition provides essential markers of the most fundamental properties of giant exoplanets, such as their formation mechanism or internal structure. New-generation exoplanet imagers, like VLT/SPHERE or Gemini/GPI, have been designed to achieve very high contrast (>15 mag) at small angular separations ($<$0.5\as) for the detection of young giant planets in the near-infrared, but they only provide very low spectral resolutions ($R<100$) for their characterization. High-dispersion spectroscopy at resolutions up to $10^5$ is one of the most promising pathways for the detailed characterization of exoplanets, but it is currently out of reach for most directly imaged exoplanets because current high-dispersion spectrographs in the near-infrared lack coronagraphs to attenuate the stellar signal and the spatial resolution necessary to resolve the planet. Project HiRISE (High-Resolution Imaging and Spectroscopy of Exoplanets) ambitions to develop a demonstrator that will combine the capabilities of two flagship instruments installed on the ESO Very Large Telescope, the high-contrast exoplanet imager SPHERE and the high-resolution spectrograph CRIRES+, with the goal of answering fundamental questions on the formation, composition and evolution of young planets. In this work, we will present the project, the first set of realistic simulations and the preliminary design of the fiber injection unit that will be implemented in SPHERE.

Bringing high-spectral resolution to VLT/SPHERE with a fibre coupling to VLT/CRIRES+.

GIARPS (GIAno & haRPS – n) is a project devoted to have on the same focal station of the Tele-scopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) both the high resolution spectrographs HARPS-N in the visible and GIANO in the NIR working simultaneously. This allows to have such a unique facility in the north hemisphere on duty at the TNG that could be considered the first and unique worldwide instrument providing cross-dispersed echelle spectroscopy at a resolution of 50,000 and over a wide spectral range (0.390−2.45μm) in a single exposure. The science case is very broad, given the versatility of such an instrument and the large wavelength range. A number of outstanding science cases encompassing mainly extra-solar planet science starting from rocky planet search and hot Jupiters atmosphere characterization can be considered. Furthermore both instruments can measure high precision radial velocity by means the simultaneous calibration technique (HARPS – N) and absorption cell technique (GIANO) in a single exposure. Other science cases are also possible. Young stars and proto-planetary disks, cool stars and stellar populations, moving minor bodies in the solar system, bursting young stellar objects, cataclysmic variables and X–ray binary transients in our Galaxy, supernovae up to gamma-ray bursts in the very distant and young Universe, can take advantage of the unicity of this facility both in terms of contemporaneous wide wavelength range and high resolution spectroscopy.

/pdf/giarps-the-vis-nir-high-precision-radial-velocity-facility-30byflzfx8.pdf

GIARPS: the VIS-NIR high precision radial velocity facility TNG

High-resolution spectroscopy is employed to investigate a large sample of open cluster low-mass stars. The stellar rotation and magnetic activity of these stars are measured and their correlation is studied. I find in this sample that the same relation between these parameters holds on either side around the mass where stellar structure changes from partially to fully convective. These results promote a rotation driven magnetic dynamo mechanism in this whole mass regime for stars of intermediate ages (∼ 625Myr), and advocate against a correlation between rapid rotation prevalence and the transition to full convection. In this work, also a new wavelength calibration device is developed for the technique of highresolution spectroscopy. This device enables unprecedented long pathlengths in transmission spectroscopy of absorption gases for wavelength referencing. The concept and design are presented and a detailed implementation of this design for a high-resolution near-infrared spectrograph (VLT/CRIRES) is modelled and characterized. The novel approach allows for higher precision wavelength calibration than existing techniques of similar kind. 

High-resolution spectroscopy of low-mass stars

Simultaneous, high-quality measurements of the neutral helium triplet features at 5876 Å and 10830 Å, respectively, in a sample of solar-type stars are presented. The observations were made with ESO telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under program ID 088.D-0028(A) and MPG Utility Run for FEROS 088.A-9029(A). The equivalent widths of these features combined with chromospheric models are utilized to infer the fractional area coverage, or filling factor, of magnetic regions outside of spots. We find that the majority of the sample is characterized by filling factors less than unity. However, discrepancies occur among the coolest K-type and warmest and most rapidly rotating Ftype dwarf stars. We discuss these apparently anomalous results and find that in the case of K-type stars they are an artifact of the application of chromospheric models best suited to the Sun than to stars with significantly lower Teff . The case of the F-type rapid rotators can be explained with the measurement uncertainties of the equivalent widths, but they may also be due to a non-magnetic heating component in their atmospheres. With the exceptions noted above, preliminary results suggest that the average heating rates in the active regions are the same from one star to the other, differing in the spatially integrated, observed level of activity due to the area coverage. Hence, differences in ar X iv :1 70 3. 10 06 0v 1 [ as tr oph .S R ] 2 9 M ar 2 01 7

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aa6a14/pdf

Estimates of Active Region Area Coverage through Simultaneous Measurements of the He I λλ 5876 and 10830 Lines

High-resolution spectroscopy is employed to investigate a large sample of open cluster low-mass
stars. The stellar rotation and magnetic activity of these stars are measured and their
correlation is studied. I find in this sample that the same relation between these parameters
holds on either side around the mass where stellar structure changes from partially to
fully convective. These results promote a rotation driven magnetic dynamo mechanism in
this whole mass regime for stars of intermediate ages (∼ 625Myr), and advocate against a
correlation between rapid rotation prevalence and the transition to full convection. In this work, also a new wavelength calibration device is developed for the technique of highresolution
spectroscopy. This device enables unprecedented long pathlengths in transmission
spectroscopy of absorption gases for wavelength referencing. The concept and design are
presented and a detailed implementation of this design for a high-resolution near-infrared
spectrograph (VLT/CRIRES) is modelled and characterized. The novel approach allows for
higher precision wavelength calibration than existing techniques of similar kind.

Hans Ulrich Käufl, Paola Amico, Pascal Ballester, Eduardo Bendek, Peter Biereichel, Paul Bristow, Mark Casali, Bernhard Delabre, Reinhold Dorn, Siegfried Eschbaumer, Raul Esteves, Enrico Fedrigo, Gert Finger, Gerhard Fischer, Gordon Gillet, Domingo Gojak, Gotthard Huster, Yves Jung, Florian Kerber, Jean-Paul Kirchbauer, JeanLouis Lizon, Enrico Marchetti, Leander Mehrgan, Manfred Meyer, Alan Moorwood, Sylvain Oberti, Jean-François Pirard, Jérome Paufique, Eszter Pozna, Francesca Primas, Ricardo Schmutzer, Andreas Seifahrt, Ralf Siebenmorgen, Armin Silber, Alain Smette, Barbara Sokar, Jörg Stegmeier, Lowell TacconiGarman, Sebastien Tordo, Stefan Uttenthaler, Ueli Weilenmann (all ESO)

/pdf/good-vibrations-report-from-the-commissioning-of-crires-1w67ix3x0k.pdf

Good Vibrations: Report from the Commissioning of CRIRES

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Good Vibrations: Report from the Commissioning of CRIRES