The influence of Ag admixtures on the phase equilibria of YBa2Cu3O7−δ near the liquidus surface was investigated at 0.21×105 Pa oxygen partial pressure using thermoanalytic methods (DTA/TG). The temperatures at which the liquid phase occurs are decreased by about 30 K in comparison with pure Y–Ba–Cu–O compositions. The peritectic decomposition of YBa2Cu3O7−δ is replaced by two sequential univariant reactions in the presence of silver: a eutectic reaction with a silver rich liquid at 944°C and a monotectic-like reaction at 980°C resulting in the Y–Ba–Cu–O rich melt besides Y2BaCuO5. Depending on the content of Ag, an enhanced oxygen concentration was detected in the melts which is available as an internal oxygen source during the crystallization of the superconducting phase by melt processing. The solubility of Ag in the melt was found to be 2.5 mol.% in the monotectic-like equilibrium at 980°C.

The influence of Ag on univariant reactions and the oxygen content of the eutectic melt in the Y–Ba–Cu–(Ag)–O system

We have studied the irreversibility lines (IL) obtained by AC magnetic measurements in the region with notable dependence of the AC susceptibility on the AC field amplitude. The commonly used procedure of taking temperatures of maxima in the imaginary part of AC susceptibility χ″ is shown to be consistent with the definition of the IL as the line of constant critical current density. The data obtained in experiments on melt-grown YBaCuO samples were used to compare this method with two other ones: (a) searching for the appearance of flux pinning in a non-linear flux-flow regime, (b) construction of current-voltage characteristics from AC magnetic measurements. We demonstrated that it is possible to reach good agreement between irreversibility lines acquired under the conditions of a non-linear AC regime by different methods if the current densities and the electrical fields in the sample are comparable.

Irreversibility line and non-linearity in the AC response caused by flux pinning in high-Tc superconductors

Modified melt crystallization processes for improved RE-123 based bulk materials (RE=Y, Nd)

Several aspects of the Y−Ba−Cu−O phase diagram have been investigated by thermal analysis, isopiestic, and soaking methods in various gas environments in more detail. On the basis of the univariant reactions at p(O2)≈0.21×105 Pa (especially e1 and m1) and oxygen balance considerations, consequences concerning single crystal growth as well as texturing techniques have been derived. It is shown that oxygen diffusion through the melt can become an important technological factor. Phase diagram investigations at reduced oxygen partial pressure, especially the stability field of YBa2Cu3O7−δ and the pressure dependence of the e1 reaction, give rise to modified techniques of melt processing at lower temperatures.

Univariant reactions in the YBCO system and the influence of oxygen on soldification and microstructure

We have investigated the phase equilibria in (RE)BaCuO–Ag systems, the influence of Ag on the processing of (RE)BaCuO/Ag composites and the resulting properties. YBCO/Ag composites have been grown by the modified melt crystallization process with YBa2Cu3O7, Y2O3, Pt and Ag2O in the precursor. The improved strength of the YBCO/Ag composites compared with the conventional YBCO bulk material permitted us to magnetize these materials to achieve trapped fields up to 16 T (at 24 K) in the gap of a mini-magnet. The investigation of the microstructure revealed a remarkable increase of the spacing between micro-cracks especially of those perpendicular to a–b planes when 12 wt% Ag was added. In the case of SmBaCuO/Ag composites Ag has a strong influence on processing and causes interactions between RE123 seeds and the sample. We report on the growth of single-grain SmBaCuO/Ag composites in air and we discuss the influence of post-annealing on increasing Tc and jc.

(RE)BaCuO/Ag composites: fundamentals of processing, microstructure and control of properties

Preparation and critical current density of melt-processed YBaCuO thick films and AgPd-sheathed tapes☆

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Preparation and critical current density of melt-processed YBaCuO thick films and AgPd-sheathed tapes☆