The global malaria situation, especially in Africa, and the problems frequently encountered in chemical control of vectors such as insecticide resistance, emphasize the urgency of research, development and implementation of new vector control technologies that are applicable at regional and local levels. The successful application of the sterile insect technique (SIT) for the control of the New World screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax and several species of fruit flies has given impetus to the use of this method for suppression or elimination of malaria vectors in some areas of Africa including Northern State of Sudan. The research and development phase of the Northern State feasibility study has been started. Sudanese stakeholders are working side-by-side with the International Atomic Energy Agency in the activities of this important phase. Several ethical, legal and social issues associated with this approach arose during this phase of the project. They need to be seriously considered and handled with care. In this paper, these issues are described, and the current and proposed activities to overcome potential hurdles to ensure success of the project are listed.

/pdf/ethical-legal-and-social-aspects-of-the-approach-in-sudan-1s0b2ouf4w.pdf

Ethical, legal and social aspects of the approach in Sudan

Current status and future challenges for controlling malaria with the sterile insect technique: technical and social perspectives.

A technique, based on the release and recapture of marked females, was used to measure the mating competitiveness of sterile males of Culex pipiens fatigans Wied. in villages in Delhi Union Territory, India. Experiments were carried out with chemosterilised and cytoplasmically incompatible translocated (IS-31B) males simultaneously with prolonged release trials with these two types of male. The fertile males in the tests were the indigenous population and the females used were in most cases of wild origin. With each type of male, one test was conducted with a moderate (ca. 13:1) ratio of released to wild males and the other tests used high (ca. 40:1) ratios. The estimated mean mating competitiveness of IS-31B males was somewhat higher than that of chemosterilised males, but the difference was found to be non-significant using a specially devised method of testing statistical significance. In the four experiments 77-94% of the egg rafts laid by recaptured females were sterile, indicating that both types of sterile male were sufficiently competitive to induce a high level of egg sterility in an isolated wild population.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0007485300006878

Competitiveness of chemosterilised males and cytoplasmically incompatible translocated males of Culex pipiens fatigans wiedemann (Diptera, Culicidae) in the field

(1989). Biological Control Of Insect Pests Affecting Man And Animals In The Tropics. CRC Critical Reviews in Microbiology: Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 235-252.

Biological control of insect pests affecting man and animals in the tropics.

The recent horrendous death of Savita Halappanavar in Ireland after the doctors there refused to conduct abortion has evoked fierce, ethical, legal and human rights debate. The Irish government reacted swiftly with an assurance that a bill will be introduced allowing limited abortion right to women. Women’s organisations and feminists have long argued that the denial of access to safe abortion is a flagrant violation of human right. This paper tries to analyse whether there exists a right to abortion under international human rights law. It recapitulates and highlights relevant progresses if any within the international legal systems in support of abortion and protection of women’s reproductive autonomy. The paper points that denial of legal and safe abortion procedures forces women to obtain unsafe and often traditional methods of abortions, threatening their lives and health. The paper tries to see how the issue of abortion can be approached in a balanced way.

/pdf/eubios-journal-of-asian-and-international-bioethics-3hed4j3eko.pdf

Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics

A Note on Preliminary Field Studies of the use of Irradiated Males for Reduction of C. fatigans Wied. Populations.

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A Note on Preliminary Field Studies of the use of Irradiated Males for Reduction of C. fatigans Wied. Populations.