Real time out-of-plane vibration measurement/monitoring using Talbot interferometry

Evaluation of dynamic speckle activity using the empirical mode decomposition method

We propose the application of a method based on the discrete wavelet transform to detect, identify, and measure scaling behavior in dynamic speckle. The multiscale phenomena presented by a sample and displayed by its speckle activity are analyzed by processing the time series of dynamic speckle patterns. The scaling analysis is applied to the temporal fluctuation of the speckle intensity and also to the two derived data sets generated by its magnitude and sign. The application of the method is illustrated by analyzing paint-drying processes and bruising in apples. The results are discussed taking into account the different time organizations obtained for the scaling behavior of the magnitude and the sign of the intensity fluctuation.

Multiscale analysis of the intensity fluctuation in a time series of dynamic speckle patterns

We present a new method for synthesizing cold‐resistant laminated anti‐fire glass using a K2O·nSiO2‐based ultrathin flexible membrane, which is prepared by vacuum surface treatment method with ball‐milled core–shell SiO2 emulsion (55 wt%). We systemically characterize the mechanical, optical, rheological, cold‐resistant, fire‐resistant, and weather‐resistant performances of this glass. The formation mechanism of K2O·nSiO2‐based ultrathin membrane is studied in detail using multispeckle diffusing–wave spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Then, the tensile strength, plasticity, and rheological behavior of the materials with different moduli are characterized. Combined with thermal gravity analysis, we characterize the compositions of K2O·nSiO2‐based materials with different moduli. For the K2O·nSiO2‐based ultrathin flexible membrane, the appearance of air‐conducting microchannels is designed, resembling the Wu Zhu coin morphology (a square hole circular coin in ancient China) or honeycomb wall morphology. These structures endow the visible region of the anti‐fire glass with a reduced presence of microbubbles. As a type of building safety glass, the spongelike microporous insulation layer can increase the heat‐insulating time in the event of a fire. Furthermore, the weather‐resistant performance of this glass is demonstrated to be more than 3000 h through an ultraviolet test. This work also provides a new routine for synthesizing high‐quality anti‐fire glass with different shapes, including curved surfaces.

Preparation and performance of laminated anti‐fire glass using the K2O·nSiO2‐based ultrathin and flexible membrane

In the last decade, Huang et al. [1] presented a non-linear method called Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) for adaptively representing a non-stationary signal as a sum of zero-mean well-behaved fast and slow oscillation empirical modes, which are known as Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). An IMF is a function that satisfies two conditions: (1) in the whole data set, the number of extrema and the number of zero crossings must be either equal or differ at most by one; (2) at any point, the mean values of the envelopes defined by the local maxima and minima are zero. This decomposition is carried out through a sifting algorithm that generates a fully data-driven method, so that no basis functions are fixed in the analysis process. Therefore, the frequency discrimination does not correspond to a predetermined sub-band filtering and the mode selection corresponds to an automatic and adaptive filtering. Consequently, the evaluation of the performance of the EMD method in a given field must be analysed by means of numerical analysis. In addition, the sifting process facilitates the application of the Hilbert transform to each IMF, so that it can be associated to an instantaneous amplitude and frequency obtained by means of the implementation of its analytic signal.

Applications of the Empirical Mode Decomposition Method in Speckle Metrology

Local correlation in dynamic speckle

Parity and the self-imaging phenomenon

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Local correlation in dynamic speckle

Parity and the self-imaging phenomenon