http://envismadrasuniv.org/Bioremediation/pdf/Bioremediation%20of%20diesel%20oil.pdf

Bioremediation of diesel oil-contaminated soil by composting with biowaste.

Hazardous organic and metallic residues or by-products can enter into plants, soils, and sediments from processes associated with domestic, municipal, agricultural, industrial, and military activities. Handling, ingestion, application to land or other distributions of the contaminated materials into the environment might render harm to humans, livestock, wildlife, crops, or native plants. Considerable remediation of the hazardous wastes or contaminated plants, soils, and sediments can be accomplished by composting. High microbial diversity and activity during composting, due to the abundance of substrates in feedstocks, promotes degradation of xenobiotic organic compounds, such as pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). For composting of contaminated soils, noncontaminated organic matter should be cocomposted with the soils. Metallic pollutants are not degraded during composting but may be converted into organic combinations that have less bioavailability than mineral combinations of the metals. Degradation of organic contaminants in soils is facilitated by addition of composted or raw organic matter, thereby increasing the substrate levels for cometabolism of the contaminants. Similar to the composting of soils in vessels or piles, the on-site addition of organic matter to soils (sheet composting) accelerates degradation of organic pollutants and binds metallic pollutants. Recalcitrant materials, such as organochlorines, may not undergo degradation in composts or in soils, and the effects of forming organic complexes with metallic pollutants may be nonpermanent or short lived. The general conclusion is, however, that composting degrades or binds pollutants to innocuous levels or into innocuous compounds in the finished product.

/pdf/bioremediation-of-heavy-metals-and-organic-toxicants-by-5z6ufnrih3.pdf

Bioremediation of heavy metals and organic toxicants by composting.

Biodegradation of hexadecane in liquid and solid-state fermentations by Aspergillus niger

We investigated the simultaneous degradation of diesel oil in soil and the organic matter in food waste by composting in 8 l reactors. Using a 0.5 l/min air flow rate, and 0.5-1% diesel oil concentrations together with 20% food waste, high composting temperatures (above 60°C) were attained due to the efficient degradation of the food waste. Petroleum hydrocarbons were degraded by 80% after only 15 days composting in the presence of food waste. In a 28 l reactor scale-up experiment using 1% oil, 20% food waste and 79% soil, removal efficiencies of petroleum hydrocarbons and food waste after 15 days were 79% and 77%, respectively.

Degradation of diesel oil in soil using a food waste composting process

The efficiency of composting to remove the pollutants DEHP, PAHs and LAS from organic waste products was investigated. Source separated MSW and sewage sludge, respectively, were composted at temperatures ranging from 35 to 70°C using a laboratory-scale reactor composting system. At regular intervals, compost samples were taken from the reactors for chemical analysis. DEHP disappeared rapidly during composting of MSW; 96 to 99% of the initial content was degraded within 25 days of composting regardless of process temperature. In sewage sludge, the highest degradation of 91% was reached at a composting temperature of 65°C. LAS degradation in sewage sludge was fastest at 55°C, but at both process temperatures tested 99% of the initial content had been removed within 25 days. Degradation of PAHs was less complete. However, in all composting experiments, with MSW as well as sewage sludge, the final PAH concentration was less than in the starting material. Further experiments suggested that less than 0.1% of th...

Degradation of DEHP, PAHs and LAS in Source Separated MSW and Sewage Sludge During Composting

Weathered, hydrocarbon-contaminated soil containing 17,000 ppm mineral oil and grease (MOG) of which 40 percent (wt/wt) was aliphatic, 32 percent (wt/wt) polar and 28 percent (wt/wt) aromatic was cocomposted with maple leaves and alfalfa in a laboratory-scale reactor. The cocompost pH was acidic initially (6.4) but rapidly increased, reaching 8.5 by day 19. During this period the cocompost temperature had risen from ambient to 53°C (day 2) and subsequently, gradually returned to room temperature. The rates of carbon dioxide generation and oxygen consumption were both low during the first 15 hours after which they rapidly rose to 135 mmol CO2/(hr-kg initial dry cocompost) and 180 mmol O2/(hr-kg initial dry cocompost). By day 12 the rates had descended to less than 10 mmol/(hr-kg initial dry cocompost). The RQ (rate of CO2 generation/rate of O2 consumption) was initially about 0.9, but it had decreased to 0.7 by day 2. The maximum rate of MOG degradation (about 600 mg/kg initial dry cocompost-day) occurred ...

Cocomposting of Weathered Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soil

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Cocomposting of Weathered Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soil