Intravenously administered maltose has been suggested as a useful carbohydrate source of greater caloric density per mol than glucose, and its utilization may be significantly influenced by insulin. To study the effect of insulin on the metabolism of parenteral maltose, a 10% maltose solution containing 25 μCi [U-14C/]maltose/liter was infused iv (2.5 or 5.0 mg/ kg.min) in healthy males (21–26 yr) for a 12-h period either with or without insulin. Blood glucose, maltose, insulin, and FFA as well urine maltose, glucose, and 14C and breath 14CO2 were measured hourly. At the 2.5 mg/kg-min rate, 18.8% and 25.3% of the administered dose were recovered as 14CO2 in the expired mg/kg-min rate, 18.8% and 25.3% of the administered dose were recovered as 14CO2 in the expired breath over a 12-h period without and with insulin, respectively. At the 5.0 mgmg/kg-min rate, 10.7% and 11.8% of the infused maltose were expired as 14CO2 without and with insulin, respectively. Serum maltose increased to 100 and 225 mgmg/100 ml...

The Effect of Insulin on the Metabolism of Parenteral Maltose in Man Maltose in Man

Intravenous infusions of maltose were performed using human volunteers. Four volunteers received maltose in a dose of 0.25 g/kg bodyweight and hour during eight hours. A follow-up period of three hours was added. Six volunteers received maltose in a dose of 0.125 g/kg bodyweight and hour during twelve hours. Only with the lower dose of maltose (0.125 g/kg b.w.) a steady state is reached after six hour continuous infusion. However even under these conditions maltose concentration in blood reaches the high concentration of 70 mg/100 ml. Using the double infusion rate, no steady state is attained when the infusions lasted for eight hours, despite maltose concentration in blood measured 150 mg/100 ml at this time. By measuring different metabolic parameters (fatty acid concentration, phosphate concentration) it is shown that parenterally applicated maltose is metabolized in the human. On the other hand, adverse reactions were not observed. The concentrations of uric acid and bilirubin remain constant and the activity of SGOT is not altered. Renal excretion of sugar measures 25-35% of the maltose administered parenterally. It is concluded that the glucose in urine stems from direct intra tubular hydrolysis of maltose achieved by the neutral maltase of the kidneys. The lack of attaining constant blood concentration for maltose during the infusions and the high renal loss of sugar shows that maltose is not suited as the single substrate for parenteral nutrition. However, there remains the possibility to use maltose in combination with glucose substitutes. The metabolic behaviour of maltose is similar to glucose, it differs from glucose substitutes.

Versuche mit Probanden zur parenteralen Verwertung von Maltose

6 healthy subjects received a 20% electrolyte containing maltose solution over a period of 6 hours. The concentration of maltose rose up to 109 (76-215 mg/100 ml). During the infusion period 3,7 (1,9-7,7) g maltose were excreted. The concentration of glucose and insulin was not altered, although the renal glucose loss was 20,2 (7,5-38,7) g. In the same period 49,8 +/- 13,2 mval potassium and 135,4 +/- 35 mval sodium were eliminated. Maltose induced an osmotic diuresis which was not caused by hyperglycemia. Such a type of osmotic substance has not been described before.

Wirkung von Maltose nach intravenöser Dauerinfusion auf den Stoffwechsel

Background: Infertility is a major public health problem in Africa. Most herbal remedies used for the treatment of women infertility are known to be estrogenic. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the estrogenic effects of the aqueous extracts of Ricinodendron heudelotii seeds and stem bark in ovariectomized rats. Methods: Adult ovariectomized rats were divided in groups of five animals and treated orally for seven consecutive days with both the seeds extract (SERH) and the bark extract (BERH) at 100 and 300 mg/kg and with Ethinylestradiol (0.02 mg/kg). The control group received distilled water. After treatments, vaginal smears were performed from the rats. Then the uterus, cervix and adrenal glands were weighted and the uterus stored in formalin 10% for histological analysis. Results: Ethinylestradiol as well as SERH at 100 mg/kg induced vaginal cornification and highly significant increase of the relative weight of the uterus and cervix in comparison to controls. SERH at 300 mg/kg and BERH at 100 and 300 mg/kg also induced significantly an increase of the relative weight of these organs. In addition, the adrenal glands relative weight was significantly augmented by SERH and BERH treatment. The histological examination of uterus showed the proliferation of the endometrium cells and development of numerous uterine glands in rats treated with Ethinylestradiol and the extracts at 100 mg/kg. Conclusion: R. heudelotii was found to show estrogenic effects on vagina, uterus, cervix and adrenal glands and the seeds extract exhibited greater estrogenic activities than the bark extract.

/pdf/estrogenic-effects-of-the-seeds-and-stem-bark-extracts-of-2p8qt6yl.pdf

Estrogenic effects of the seeds and stem bark extracts of Ricinodendron heudelotii in adult ovariectomized Wistar albino rats

Die Kohlenhydrate sind in der parenteralen Ernahrung die wichtigsten Energielieferanten. Als Vorteile gelten ihre rasche Verwertbarkeit und ihre eiweissparende Wirkung. Kohlenhydratlosungen lassen sich daruber hinaus gut mit anderen essentiellen Nahrungsbestandteilen, wie Vitaminen und Elektrolyten, mischen. Als Nachteile gelten die bei hoherer Konzentration in peripheren Venen auftretenden Phlebitiden mit Thrombosierung und das grose Wasserangebot bei alleiniger calorisch ausreichender Kohlenhydraternahrung. Das ist aber weitgehend von theoretischem Interesse, denn bei einer vollstandigen parenteralen Ernahrung wird man ahnlich wie bei der oralen vorgehen, d.h. man stellt ein Infusionsprogramm aus Kohlenhydrat- und Aminosaurenlosungen und einer Fettemulsion zusammen. Und schlieslich besteht die Moglichkeit, hochkonzentrierte Glucoselosungen direkt in die obere Hohlvene zu infundieren, wodurch man bei gleichzeitiger Zufuhr von Eiweishydrolysaten eine positive Stickstoffbilanz und Korperwachs tum erreichen kann (13)

Der Stellenwert Der Kohlenhydrate Im Rahmen Der Parenteralen Ernährung

Die Eignung von Maltose fur die Infusionstherapie wurde bei stoff-wechselgesunden Probanden uberpruft. Den nuchternen Versuchs-personen wurden uber einen Zeitraum von 4 Stunden 20%ige Maltoselosungen

Sind Maltoseinfusionen für die Infusionstherapie geeignet

The suitability of maltose for parenteral nutrition was investigated in metabolically healthy volunteers. A solution containing 20% of maltose was infused intravenously for four hours using three different doses (0.125 g/kg; 0.25 g/kg; 0.5 g/kg BW/h). Following cessation of the infusions the laboratory controls were carried on for four more hours. The infusions of maltose were tolerated without any complications. However, only when using the lowest dosage a steady state in blood concentration of maltose was reached, i.e. in the case of 0.125 g/kg BW/h. The results show that in humans the metabolic capacity for maltose is limited. The glucose concentration in blood remained almost unaltered during maltose infusion, while the serum insulin concentration was slightly elevated. A further sign for metabolism of maltose was the decrease in free fatty acid concentration. Because of the low metabolic capacity for maltose the urinary loss (in the form of maltose and glucose) is high with greater infusion rates and amounts to 20-30% of the intravenous load. A greater part of the sugar excreted in the urine consists of glucose, despite an almost normal blood glucose concentration. Considering the results of the experiments with volunteers it is concluded that maltose is not suited for intravenous therapy. Because of the low metabolic capacity of the human organism the renal losses are too great.

Are maltose infusions suitable for infusion therapy

Liver disease is one of the most common public health problems in the word. In this study, we investigate the possible hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous extract of Passiflora foetida (AEPF) using paracetamol-induced liver damage albino rats as animal model. The rats were divided in groups consisting of six animals each and treated for seven consecutive days as following: group I was the normal control and received distilled water, group II was the negative control treated with distilled water; group III served as the positive control and pretreated with 100 mg/kg of silymarin; groups IV, V and VI were pretreated with the AEPF doses of 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg respectively. At the seventh day, the rats from group II to VI were given a dose of 2 g/kg of paracetamol (PCM) and 24 hours after this treatment, blood samples and pieces of liver were collected for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Results showed that in group II, PCM increased significantly the activity of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and PAL), the serum level of total and direct bilirubin and decreased significantly the serum level of total cholesterol, triglyceride and total protein in rats. Also, the liver tissue of the PCM-treated group exhibited severe acute centrilobular associated to periportal necrosis and haemorrhagic lesions in comparison to normal control rats. However, the biochemical and histopathological adverse effects of PCM were suppressed or reduced significantly by the pretreatment of rats with silymarin and AEPF dose dependently. These data indicated that Passiflora foetida possessed hepatoprotective effects similar to those of silymarin probably due to its saponins, phenols and flavonoids contents.

/pdf/hepatoprotective-effect-of-leaves-of-passiflora-foetida-linn-1bz1ccwn.pdf

Hepatoprotective Effect of Leaves of Passiflora foetida Linn. (Passifloraceae) Against Paracetamol-Induced Liver Damage in Wistar Albino Rats

Infertility is a global public health problem today. More than 15% of couples of childbearing ages are affected by this disease worldwide (WHO, 2010). In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence varies from 9% to 30% depending on the country (Parrott, 2014; Hollos and Whitehouse, 2014; Asemota and Klatsky, 2015). Infertility is defined by the World Health Organization as the inability of a couple to achieve conception and carry a pregnancy to term after a year or more of regular, unprotected sex (WHO, 2018). This disease can concern both men and women. Indeed, 30% of infertility cases are thought to be female, 20% are male in origin, 40% are of mixed origin and 10% are unexplained. However, there are two types of infertility, namely primary infertility when the couple has never conceived and secondary infertility when the couple can no longer give birth after having a child (Tabong and Adongo, 2013). The secondary form is thought to affect around 30% of women aged 25 to 49 in sub-Saharan Africa (WHO, 2010). In Africa, the child is considered a precious Effects of aqueous extract of on the reproductive system of female Albizia glaberrima adult Wistar albino rats Bleu Gomé Michel , Kpahé Ziéhi Fidèle , Obou Constantin Okou , Kouakou Koffi , Traoré Flavien 1* 1 2 3 4

Effects of aqueous extract of on the reproductive system of female Albizia glaberrima adult Wistar albino rats

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