Improvement of caper (Capparis spinosa L.) seed germination by breaking seed coat-induced dormancy

Different dormancy-breaking pretreatments were assessed in order to improve germination of caper ( Cuppuris spinosa L ) seeds High germination percentages were obtained using concentrated sulfuric acid, followed by either a 90&n soaking procedure in a 100 ppm gibberellin (GA,,+7) solution, or adding 02% potassium nitrate to the test substrate Results obtained by means of a surgical treatment clearly suggest that the dormancy of the caper seed is imposed by its covering structures

Short Communication Improvement of caper (Capparis spinosa L.) seed germination by breaking seed coat-induced dormancy

Diatomites are formed in both marine and freshwater systems where the processes of diatom growth, preservation and sedimentation conspire to produce diatomaceous sediment. Diatomite formation seems to have been particularly prevalent in the Miocene, the Plio-Pleistocene and during the early to middle- Holocene periods. Because of properties conferred to diatomite sediment by high silica content, high surface area and fine grained texture, extensive natural deposits are often exploited commercially. Such deposits, either marine or freshwater in origin, mostly occur as terrestrial exposures that are mined in both hemispheres of the globe. Commercial extraction of diatomite began less than 200 years ago but it has been exploited for building purposes over at least the last two millennia. Diatomites have a variety of modern uses and are a useful additive for improving the quality of cements and other commercial materials as well as having medical and technological applications. Diatomites are also important in the earth and natural sciences, notably in Quaternary paleoenvironmental research where sediment records of diatom species can provide valuable evidence of past environmental changes, notably of climate and aquatic ecosystems. Diatom species diversity in time and space has intrinsic value for revealing species evolution and relationships between algal groups. Potential conflicts between commercial use and the scientific value of diatomites are commented upon and establishing protected diatomite heritage areas is advocated. 

Diatomites: Their formation, distribution and uses

Abstract Beginning in the Levant at the end of the Pleistocene era 11,700 years ago and emerging subsequently in other regions, the advent of farming and food production sustained a massive expansion of human populations, facilitated a host of socioeconomic and technological developments, and transformed much of the world’s land surface. The capacity of farming to support a rapidly growing population may appear to explain why farming first began. However, fundamental questions remain, including whether farming was ever a preferred subsistence option for mobile foragers—and for early farmers. In addition to the failure of farming to appear anywhere in the world prior to the early Holocene, the security and flexibility of hunting and gathering contrasts with the disadvantages associated with relying on farming for food. In querying the prevailing food paradigm, it is argued that fibre production for woven cloth in response to warmer, moister climate regimes in the early Holocene tipped the balance in favour of farming. Contingent on complex clothing acquiring social functions of dress and modesty during the late Pleistocene, and considered in conjunction with the early farming dispersal hypothesis, the textile hypothesis circumvents unfounded presumptions and offers a parsimonious explanatory paradigm for the origins of farming. 

The Textile Hypothesis

Early to Middle Holocene hydroclimate changes in the Guern El Louläilet depressions, Algerian Sahara

Effect of some environmental conditions, some chemical (including growth regulators) and mechanical treatments on germination of some difficult to germinate ornamental tree seeds.

This work was carried out during 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 seasons, at the Experimental Nursery of Ornamental Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University. The investigation aimed to study the effects of irrigation at 25, 50 and 75% of available soil moisture depletion (ASMD) combined with antitranspirant agents: active dry yeast (ADY) at 6 or 8 g/l as bio-antitranspirant, sodium salicylate (S.S.) at 10 or 20 ppm and magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) at 15 or 30 ppm as chemicalantitranspirants beside the control (0.0) in order to regulate water irrigation and study their effect on vegetative growth and volatile oil characteristics of marjoram plants (Majorana hortensis, Moench). The obtained results are summarized as follows: in all cuts in the two seasons, the plants received ADY at 6 or 8 g/l were significantly taller than the plants treated with (S.S. and MgCO3) or the control. The same trend was observed on the branching of marjoram plants. The lowest value was when the plants were treated with MgCO3 at 30 ppm in most cases. The percentage of volatile oil in all treatments decreased except the treatment of MgCO3 at the rate of 30 ppm in the first season, and the treatment of S.S. at the rate of 10 ppm in the second cut of the second season. The highest volatile oil per plant and per feddan through the two seasons was achieved when the plants were sprayed with ADY at 6 or 8g/l combined with irrigation at 25% ASMD. On the other hand, GLC analysis of the oil in the second cut of the first season showed that Terpinene-4-ol, Linalyl acetate and α-Terpineol were the main components in the volatile oil using the irrigation treatment at the rate of 25 or 75% ASMD.

Effect of irrigation and antitranspirant treatments on growth, yield and chemical constituents of marjoram plants

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Early to Middle Holocene hydroclimate changes in the Guern El Louläilet depressions, Algerian Sahara

Effect of some environmental conditions, some chemical (including growth regulators) and mechanical treatments on germination of some difficult to germinate ornamental tree seeds.

Effect of irrigation and antitranspirant treatments on growth, yield and chemical constituents of marjoram plants