Bacteria from polluted and agricultural soils antagonize the growth of Phanerochaete chrysosporium on solid media. The antagonistic bacteria in a soil contaminated with trinitrotoluene included fluorescent pseudomonads. Antagonism by fluorescent pseudomonads was variable according to the pH, and carbon and nitrogen sources used in the growth medium. A fluorescent siderophore produced by a Pseudomonas putida strain did not inhibit the growth of Phanerochaete chrysosporium but pseudomonad isolates capable of producing phenazine derivatives were strongly inhibitory.

Factors affecting antagonism of the growth of Phanerochaete chrysosporium by bacteria isolated from soils

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SB14 from rhizosphere alleviates Rhizoctonia damping-off disease on sugar beet.

Some metabolites produced by Pseudomons aeruginosa zag2 had antagonistic activities against certain fungi. The antifungal activity of pyocyanin, siderophore and hydrogen cyanide produced by p. aeruginosa were studied. Pyocyanin was produced in King's B medium in pH 7±0.2 after 96 hours at 37 C and extracted by chloroform. Physico-chemical analyses showed that the extracted pigmented N compound was considered a derivative of phenazine PCN zag2. The minimum inhibitory concentration of this compound against Candida albicans was 40.69 µg/ml.The antifungal activity of this compound was remarkable at 100°C for 20 mins. Different morphological and ultrastructure changes induced after treatment of C. albicans by (PCN zag2) were detected by light and transmission electron microscope. This bacteria produced also another powerful antifungal compound called siderophore. Both pH values and iron concentrations were affecting the production and activity of siderophore. Finally, this bacteria produced toxic volatile compound (HCN) which reduced the growth of both F. oxysporium and Helmithosporium sp. while, A. niger was not affected.

The antagonistic activities of some metabolites produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sha8.

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the biological control of R. solani by different organisms including bacteria and fungi. Three methods of application were used during the study. Control results differed with the method of application used. The present study indicated that all the antagonists tested inhibited infection by R. solani and that the efficacy of prevention depended on the application method used. Coating sugarbeet seeds with antagonists was produced results for applying the antagonist to control R. solani. A soil preinoculation that contained the antagonist was better than treating them with extracts of antagonists although antimicrobial compounds in the extracts have been found to control the disease to the same extent. The most effective biocontrol agent was Trichoderma harzianum. Hyphal interactions between T. harzianum and R. solani were observed by scanning electron microscopy. T. harzianum attached to the host by hyphal coils. In Egypt, sugarbeet is attacked by several root-rot pathogens; the most serious of which are those caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. These two pathogenic fungi are subjected to two major environmental stresses: salinity and application of the herbicide pyradur for the control of weeds in sugarbeet. The impact of salinity stress on the pathogenicity and growth activities of these fungi has been studied (El-Abyad et al., 1988a,b). The impact of salinity and herbicide pyradur on pathogenicity and production of cell wall degrading enzymes by these fungi have been also studied (Moussa, 1994; El-Abyad et al.,

Studies on Biological Control of Sugarbeet Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kühn

Ground nut is an economically important oil seed crop, which is subjected to infection by a host of fungal, viral and bacterial pathogens. Fluorescent Pseudomonas has potential to synthesize diverse secondary metabolites with diverse PGPR activities which enhance soil fertility and promote plant growth. Fifty five (JS- 1…….JS-55) isolates of fluorescent pseudomonas were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of ground nut fields in Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh. Based on colony morphology and biochemical tests, out of 120 rhizosphere soil samples, only 55 isolates were identified as fluorescent Pseudomonas. These isolates were screened for their antagonistic activity towards the collar rot pathogen Aspergillus niger in Arachis hypogaea L. Out of 55, only 15 belonging to different regions showed remarkable antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger with different levels of inhibition pattern. These were tested for their ability to produce secondary metabolites such as Hydrogen cyanide (HCN), Ammonia, Salicylic acid (SA), Indole acetic acid etc. Maximum production of secondary metabolites (HCN – 0.094 Abs 625; SA – 4.68 mg/ml; IAA-22.5 μg/ml) was found with fluorescent Pseudomonas. In this study, our investigations clearly showed that isolates collected from this region of India can be better exploited to be used as prospective biocontrol agents in agriculture system.

/pdf/evaluation-of-plant-growth-promoting-attributes-and-34soxm3941.pdf

Evaluation of plant growth promoting attributes and biocontrol potential of native fluorescent pseudomonas spp. against aspergillus niger causing collar rot of ground nut

Bacteria that inhibited growth of the sugarbeet fungal pathogens Phoma betae and Rhizoctonia solani were isolated from sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) seeds and roots. These bacteria include fluorescent pseudo monads, and species of Serratia, Enterobacter, and Bacillus. Inhibition of growth of P. betae and R. solani on solid medium was dependent upon growth medium. inhibition under both low-iron and iron-sufficient conditions suggests that siderophore production by the fluorescent pseudo monads was not a major factor. Inhibition was not correlated with hydrogen cyanide production by the bacteria. Growth jnhibition was associated with production of phena­ zine-l-carboxylic acid by certain fluorescent pseudo­ monads. In greenhouse trials, some of the bacteria that displayed the strongest level of in vitro antagonism sup­ pressed sugarbeet seedling disease caused by P. betae or R. solani. Certain pseudomonads and strains of Serratia and Enterobacter suppressed both diseases.

Inhibition of the sugarbeet pathogens Phoma betae and Rhizoctonia solani by bacteria associated with sugarbeet seeds and roots

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Inhibition of the sugarbeet pathogens Phoma betae and Rhizoctonia solani by bacteria associated with sugarbeet seeds and roots