The conceptualization of self-control capacity as a domain-general limited resource, and the accompanying state of low self-control resource, known as the ego depletion effect, has received considerable attention in social psychology literature. The effect has also been widely publicized in popular media largely due to its elegant simplicity and intuitive appeal. Since its inception (Baumeister, Bratslavsky, Muraven, & Tice, 1998; Muraven, Tice, & Baumeister, 1998), the ego depletion effect has been a “hot” topic of research and has stimulated hundreds of laboratory studies to test the effect (Hagger, Wood, Stiff, & Chatzisarantis, 2010).

/pdf/time-to-set-a-new-research-agenda-for-ego-depletion-and-self-3ucdyhi4f2.pdf

Time to Set a New Research Agenda for Ego Depletion and Self-Control

Eye-tracking is becoming an increasingly popular tool for understanding the underlying behavior driving human decisions. However, an important unanswered methodological question is whether the use of an eye-tracking device itself induces changes in participants' behavior. We study this question using eight popular games in experimental economics chosen for their varying levels of theorized susceptibility to social desirability bias. We implement a simple between-subject design where participants are randomly assigned to either a control or an eye-tracking treatment. In seven of the eight games, eye-tracking did not produce different outcomes. In the Holt and Laury risk assessment (HL), subjects with multiple calibration attempts demonstrated more risk averse behavior in eye-tracking conditions. However, this effect only appeared during the first five (of ten) rounds. Because calibration difficulty is correlated with eye-tracking data quality, the standard practice of removing participants with low eye-tracking data quality resulted in no difference between the treatment and control groups in HL. Our results suggest that experiments may incorporate eye-tracking equipment without inducing changes in the economic behavior of participants, particularly after observations with low quality eye-tracking data are removed.

/pdf/does-eye-tracking-have-an-effect-on-economic-behavior-u3epvcs05f.pdf

Does eye-tracking have an effect on economic behavior?

This research explores the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), resulting from intense violence during the "Guardian of the Walls" operation in 2021, and economic decision-making. We surveyed civilians in Israel who experienced Gaza rocket attacks to understand the influence of PTSD on their financial decisions. The results revealed an interesting trend: PTSD sufferers showed a preference for immediate consumption over future savings and demonstrated a decrease in their willingness to take economic risks. These findings are significant because they offer insight into how trauma affects financial decisions, and crucial information for those helping PTSD sufferers-their relatives and therapists. It is essential for them to be aware of these tendencies to provide appropriate advice and assistance, helping the victims cope with their PTSD and make effective financial decisions in their daily lives.

Sirens of stress: Financial risk, time preferences, and post-traumatic stress disorder: Evidence from the Israel-Hamas Conflict.

Anthropomorphic food labels, such as “Thin cookie” or “Fat burger”, are often used to describe the size and shape of food and have been shown to affect consumers’ food choices. More crucially, this effect may differ among vulnerable populations such as individuals with overweight and obesity due to self-image similitudes. We explore how anthropomorphic food labels influence the food choices of restaurant patrons with different weight status. We conduct a natural field experiment in a restaurant where the portion sizes in the menu are labeled using anthropomorphic human body features. Small/Large portions are presented as Slim/Regular in one treatment to reflect a desirable weight status. In a second treatment, Small/Large portions are presented as Regular/Plus Size to represent a less ideal weight status. Overall, we find that the Regular/Plus Size label increases the selection of small portions by 14.3 percentage points when objective portion size information is provided. In particular, individuals with overweight/obesity are 23.4 percentage points more likely to choose a small portion item under the Regular/Plus Size label compared to the Slim/Regular label. These results have marketing and policy implications for food labeling and their effect on food consumption among vulnerable populations. 

Slim or Plus-Size Burrito? A natural experiment of consumers’ restaurant choice

The $4.7 billion acquisition of Smithfield Foods by China's Shuanghui International (now WH Group) marks the largest Chinese takeover of a US company in history. Using electroencephalography along with an incentive compatible willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) elicitation mechanism, our study provides neural based evidence that the Shuanghui–Smithfield acquisition lowered consumers' preference for the Smithfield brand, but increased it for the Chinese brand. Consumers' neural preference for American brands increased after learning about the acquisition, implying a positive spillover effect to US brands in the US market. We also find that, after learning that an item is a product of the United States, consumers' neural preference decreased although their willingness‐to‐pay increased, consistent with some empirical reports that many US consumers prefer to purchase cheaper products made abroad rather than products of the United States with higher prices.

US consumer reactions to China's Shuanghui acquisition of Smithfield Foods and its neural basis

Happy to Take Some Risk: Estimating the Effect of Induced Emotions on Risk Preferences

Self-Control: Knowledge or Perishable Resource?

Abstract The looming demographic cliff, characterized by a projected decline in college student enrollment, can have important impacts for the agricultural and applied economics profession, academic departments, and universities more broadly across the US. This decline will not only affect the financial stability and sustainability of many agricultural economics departments but also the number of high‐skilled professionals available for the agricultural industry, government bodies, and academia. This article discusses the main factors leading to the demographic cliff, as well as potential strategies for curbing its negative impacts on the profession. In the face of this challenge, it is important to develop a thoughtful, proactive, and strategic approach, and to engage industry, government, and academic partnerships. 

The looming demographic cliff: A wake‐up call for the agricultural and applied economics profession

Abstract COVID-19 vaccines play a critical role in protecting against infection and transmission of the virus. Therefore, understanding public perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines is essential for successful vaccine promotion. Previous literature reported strong associations between vaccination decisions and several sociodemographic variables. However, knowledge about how behavioral factors, including risk perceptions and preferences, impact individuals’ attitudes towards receiving COVID-19 vaccination is currently lacking. Using data from a nationally representative survey of 1050 US adults, this study investigates the correlation between individuals’ decisions to receive COVID-19 vaccination and both their risk perceptions and preferences. Additionally, we investigate post-vaccination behavior by measuring individuals’ participation in three different groups of activities that vary by their degree of social exposure. We find strong correlations between vaccination decisions and four measures of risk preference and risk perception. We also find associations between the four risk measures and individuals’ behaviors post-vaccination. We shed light on the main factors discouraging the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines, as well as public opinions regarding the performance of different organizations in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic, and grocery store policies to prevent COVID-19 infections. Our study provides critical information that can help policymakers communicate more effectively with the public and promote vaccine uptake among population groups and geographic areas with higher anti-vaccine sentiments. 

Understanding the role of risk preferences and perceptions in vaccination decisions and post-vaccination behaviors among U.S. households

The role of consumer awareness and prior exposure in preferences for a new regional food label: Evidence from Southwest Florida

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