Time-sharing switching (TSS) techniques are usually utilised in multiple-input converters (MICs) to manage power sharing among inputs as well as output-voltage regulation. The two most-commonly-used TSS schemes in practical MIC applications are trailing-edge modulation (TEM) and interleaved dual-edge modulation (IDEM), both of which containing abundant significant information on conduction sequence. Steady-state analysis and computation help understand MICs' behaviour, being of high significance in both principal and practical researches. This study exhibits a general and exact methodology for computing and synthesising analytical expressions in a steady state of any kind of MIC topology, based upon analysis of segmented waveforms of common inductor current and output capacitor voltage. The derivation results are of high accuracy and generality, applicable for scenarios with arbitrary number of inputs in either continuous conduction mode or discontinuous conduction mode, and applied by either TEM-based or IDEM-based TSS schemes. Analytical and derivation details are addressed to the issues of multiple-input buck converters, along with general procedures established for other MICs topologies, for example, multiple-input buck–boost converters and multiple-input single-ended primary-inductor converters. Case study on a dual-input buck converter prototype, considering power dissipations and voltage drops on its components, is put forward for theoretical verification.

https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/79315/1/Exact%20steady-state%20analysis%20in%20multiple-input%20converters%20applied%20with%20diverse%20time-sharing%20switching%20schemes.pdf

Exact steady-state analysis in multiple-input converters applied with diverse time-sharing switching schemes

This paper proposes a control strategy for dual-source buck buck-boost fused converter (DSBBFC), utilizing two inputs of different dc levels. The converter has to maintain output voltage and low voltage source current at their respective reference levels, irrespective of the variation in loads. A decoupling scheme is proposed for the DSBBFC, which in turn results in two individual control loops for the said converter. This developed control strategy ensures the control of the variables independently, irrespective of their coupling nature of the operation. The proposed control is implemented successfully in the simulation environment, and excellent dynamic performances are shown during the considered operating conditions. One laboratory prototype is developed to validate the theoretical findings. The real-time performances of the control are demonstrated and found to have a close agreement with their simulated counterparts.

Development, implementation and performance analysis of decoupler based control of dual source DC-DC converter

Based on WindSat data from 2004 to 2014, Indonesia has an average wind speed of above 8m/second at sea. In addition, the energy potential of the sun is around 4.8 kWh/m2. A mechanical model ship with a catamaran type will be installed photovoltaic module and wind turbine generator which are equipped with microprocessor to control the angle of the wind turbine blades, the energy generated by the PV and wind turbine generator will be regulated by the dual input buck boost converter using the PID method to regulated voltage to 14 Volt used to charge the battery. The power stored in the battery will be used to drive the ship model propulsion system. This paper discusses about pv performance, generator performance, dual input buck boost calculation, and simulation. From testing the energy obtained is 774WH. From the simulation of the dual input buck boost converter circuit, the setling time is 11ms when using the PID control system and 35ms when using PI. Energy from the sun and wind can be combined into one with a dual input buck boost converter so that the energy can be absorbed is more optimal.

Optimisation solar and wind hybrid energy for model catamaran ship

Perspective—Application of Micro Photosynthetic Power Cells for IoT in Automotive Industry

A Comprehensive Review and Assessment of Islanding Detection Techniques for PV Systems

This paper reports the design procedure of the Proportional Integral (PI) controller for the output voltage regulation of a Dual Input Buck-Boost converter (DIBB). The first input source is assumed to be a renewable energy source such as PV system and other input is taken as a stiff source. The operation of the DIBB is analyzed and the state space equations are derived. Subsequently the average transfer function is obtained and the feedback controller for output voltage regulation is designed through pole placement technique. Extensive simulation results are presented to validate the design methodology and an experimental waveform for a step input disturbance is also included.

Output voltage control of dual input buck-boost converter

This article introduces hybrid islanding technology for distributed generation (DG) based on inverters. This system depends on passive and active identification methods. The active island method produces interference at the DG output by continuously regenerating and injecting a feedback signal that depends on the implementation of the dq. On the other hand, the passive island method detects the island by controlling the frequency and voltage. This system uses a parallel connected RLC load. It has been shown that this control system is reliable, able to detect islands with a linear load and react quickly. Possible island conditions are simulated and checked

Island Detection In Inverter Based Distributed Generation Using A Hybrid Method

There are two techniques to ensure that renewable energy systems run continuously: on-grid and off-grid. In the first case the system can be managed in a network, in the second case it can be managed in a micro grid or island mode. Islanding means when a distributed generator (DG) keeps running even after there is no longer any external electricity. This situation can be dangerous for utility systems because it prevents equipment from connecting properly. Therefore, this paper proposes an active method for detecting island patterns at a given time. The use of DG installations such as photovoltaics can cause islanding detection issues. In addition, the number of DG sets in the power distribution system will affect the accuracy of island detection (ISD). On a test example DC power supply linked to a 415 V, 50 Hz network, the suggested solution was put into practice. In the MATLAB Simulink environment, the proposed method's efficacy was assessed. The proposed method is compared with existing active methods and shortens the detection time.

Islanding Detection in Distribution Generation using Active Method

In order to meet global energy demand, the use of alternative energy sources in daily life is increasing. Distribute generation (DG) plays an important role in smart grid. They suffer mainly from island location problems. This paper presents the evaluation of different methods and parameters for effective island tracking in smart grids. Island detection methods are basically distinguished into passive, Active and hybrid. The merits and demerits of existing methods and their applications are described.

Review Of Islanding Detection Methods For Distribution Generation

The objective of this paper is to develop and analyze an analog circuit capable of delivering regulated output voltage in a dual input buck converter. The major components of the control circuit comprise a PI controller block and a duty ratio limit block. The PI controller is designed through linear control theory and the duty ratio limit on the each power switch is based on the relative amplitude of the source voltage connected to each power source. The development of the circuit is explained first followed by computed and measured results on a prototype.

A voltage constrained time sharing switching scheme for dual input buck converter

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