Evaluation of antidotes for poisoning by organophosphorus pesticides

https://nature.berkeley.edu/~dnomura/pdf/Quistad_Nomura_et_al_2002_TAAP.pdf

Selective inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase relative to neuropathy target esterase and acetylcholinesterase: toxicological implications.

Endocrine disruption (ED) and endocrine disruptors (EDs) emerged as scientific concepts in 1995, after numerous chemical pollutants were found to be responsible for reproductive dysfunction. The World Health Organization established in the United Nations Environment Programme a list of materials, plasticizers, pesticides, and various pollutants synthesized from petrochemistry that impact not only reproduction, but also hormonal functions, directly or indirectly. Cells communicate via either chemical or electrical signals transmitted within the endocrine or nervous systems. To investigate whether hormone disruptors may also interfere directly or indirectly with the development or functioning of the nervous system through either a neuroendocrine or a more general mechanism, we examined the scientific literature to ascertain the effects of EDs on the nervous system, specifically in the categories of neurotoxicity, cognition, and behaviour. To date, we demonstrated that all of the 177 EDs identified internationally by WHO are known to have an impact on the nervous system. Furthermore, the precise mechanisms underlying this neurodisruption have also been established. It was previously believed that EDs primarily function via the thyroid. However, this study presents substantial evidence that approximately 80 % of EDs operate via other mechanisms. It thus outlines a novel concept: EDs are also neurodisruptors (NDs) and can be collectively termed endocrine and nervous disruptors (ENDs). Most of ENDs are derived from petroleum residues, and their various mechanisms of action are similar to those of "spam" in electronic communications technologies. Therefore, ENDs can be considered as an instance of spam in a biological context.

Endocrine disruptors also function as nervous disruptors and can be renamed endocrine and nervous disruptors (ENDs).

Ventilatory effects of low-dose paraoxon result from central muscarinic effects.

A simple liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was developed and carefully validated for quantitation of fenitrothion, its metabolite 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, and five other organophosphorus pesticides (acephate, cyanophos, methidathion, ethyl p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate, and malathion) in human urine samples. Following deproteinization by acetonitrile, the extracts were injected into an LC system and quantitated by MS in the negative ionization mode. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.25–0.75 μg/ml for each analyte, and the method was validated on its accuracy and precision over the concentration range of 1–15 μg/ml. The method was successfully applied to an actual poisoning case and should prove useful in clinical and forensic toxicology.

A simple method for detecting fenitrothion, its metabolite 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, and other organophosphorus pesticides in human urine by LC-MS

Fenitrothion has been reported as one of the organophosphates causing so called "intermediate syndrome"--clinical entity of still unclear reasons. That is why we decided to perform a retrospective examination of oral intoxication with this compound. Clinical course of 16 cases were analysed. Clinical state on admission, AChE activity and pesticide concentration in blood were considered. Gastric lavage, atropine and oximes were included in the treatment. 6 patients died in the period of 5 to 22 days (mean 11.8) from poison intake. All 6 revealed slight signs of poisoning at the time of admission (first 24th). AChE was moderately inhibited. Patients' clinical state was deteriorating and AChE activity was decreasing during next 48 h even though oximes therapy was applied. Intubation and mechanical ventilation was required. Fenitrothion concentration in blood varied from 470 to 8350 ng/ml (mean 2823 ng/ml). In 3 fatal cases toxicological examination of autopsy tissue was done. High fenitrothion concentration was found in adipose tissue and also in the brain. In the group of 10 recovered patients "intermediate syndrome" was not observed in 3 only. AChE activity returned to normal quickly. Fenitrothion concentration ranged from 96 to 360 ng/ml (mean 202 ng/ml). In the remaining 7 clinical state became worse during next 48-72 hours after temporary improvement. Respiratory failure and increasing AChE activity inhibition were major signs. Fenitrothion concentration varied from 180 to 3020 ng/ml (mean 1690 ng/ml). AChE inhibition persisted even for 30 days from poisoning.

Intermediate syndrome in acute fenitrothion poisoning.

Determination of the carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), methemoglobin (MetHb), and blood lactate concentrations is known as important contributive in evaluation of oxygen deficiency in people from urban populations. The methemoglobinemia is usually caused by unfavourable impact of NOx. A quantification of COHb allows, to some extend, to evaluate the threat of population with carbon monoxide (CO). An elevation in the blood lactate concentration indicate the oxygen insufficiency of the examined patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of the mentioned parameters in the three groups Krakow's population differently exposed to CO produced by incomplete combustion of carbon-containing materials. The group I consisted of 53 patients treated at the Toxicological Department for acute CO poisoning. The group II comprised 31 subjects professionally exposed to CO. The group III comprised 99 adult Krakow's inhabitants who started education in the technical school and had never been professionally exposed to CO (control group). The elevation in methemoglobin concentration was not found in any of the examined group. The highest COHb level was noted in the group of the acute CO poisoned patients. No significant difference between COHb levels was found in the chronically exposed group (II) and in the control one. The increased blood lactate concentrations were found in both the acutely CO poisoned and in the group of chronically, by occupation, exposed to CO. No unfavourable impact of Nox reflected in methemoglobinemia was noted in any examined population. The determination of COHb levels is helpful in diagnosis of acute CO poisoning. The measuring of the blood lactate concentration allows to detect the oxygen insufficiency in acute CO poisoning and in states of long-term exposure to CO.

The usefulness of carboxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin and blood lactate concentration in evaluating the health condition of Kraków inhabitants exposed to primary pollutants

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

B Groszek

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Intermediate syndrome in acute fenitrothion poisoning.

The usefulness of carboxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin and blood lactate concentration in evaluating the health condition of Kraków inhabitants exposed to primary pollutants