A transmission-line digital impedance protection scheme using vector representation of fundamental components of voltages and currents is presented in the paper An algorithm, its implementation and operational characteristics are described along with test results on a laboratory model for various types of faults Results demonstrate the ability of the proposed digital-relaying scheme to detect faults in less than three-quarters of a cycle and its good zone-discrimination capabilities

Digital transmission-line protection in real time

The paper discusses practical design considerations encountered in using digital computers for on-line control, where timing and reliability requirements are critical. Consideration is given to particularly critical control and measurement functions within substations and the most appropriate role for computer applications is identified.

Practical Design Considerations Affecting the Use of Digital Computers in High Voltage Substations

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Practical Design Considerations Affecting the Use of Digital Computers in High Voltage Substations