Surface modification of ultrafiltration membranes by low temperature plasma II. Graft polymerization onto polyacrylonitrile and polysulfone

Thermal degradation of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) blends

Despite several excellent properties including low shrinkage, good chemical resistance, curable at low temperatures and the absence of byproducts or volatiles, epoxy resins are susceptible to ultra violet (UV) damage and their durability is reduced substantially when exposed to outdoor environments. To overcome this drawback, UV absorbers have been usually used to decrease the rate of UV degradation. In this present study, the effects of UV light on the chemical, mechanical and physical properties of cured epoxy structure, as well as the effect of an organic UV absorber, Tinuvin 1130, on the epoxy properties were investigated. Chemical changes in a cured epoxy system as a result of the presence and absence of Tinuvin 1130 were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses. The effect of Tinuvin 1130 on the surface morphology of the epoxy systems was also investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. Additionally, the glass transition temperatures (Tg) before and during UV radiation were measured. After an 800 h UV radiation, mechanical test results revealed that the lack of the UV absorber can lead to a ~30% reduction in tensile strength. However, in the presence of Tinuvin 1130, the tensile strength was reduced only by ~11%. It was hypothesized that the use of Tinuvin 1130, as an organic UV absorber in the epoxy-amine system, could decrease the undesirable effects, arising from exposure to UV light.

/pdf/the-effects-of-uv-light-on-the-chemical-and-mechanical-4m21box2ke.pdf

The Effects of UV Light on the Chemical and Mechanical Properties of a Transparent Epoxy-Diamine System in the Presence of an Organic UV Absorber

https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/eawag/islandora/object/eawag%3A14377/datastream/PDF2/Bourgin-2017-Effect_of_operational_and_water-%28accepted_version%29.pdf

Effect of operational and water quality parameters on conventional ozonation and the advanced oxidation process O 3 /H 2 O 2 : kinetics of micropollutant abatement, transformation product and bromate formation in a surface water

Modification of polysulfone membranes 1. CO2 plasma treatment

Polysulfone, polycarbonate, and phenoxy resins were aged under thermal and ultraviolet light conditions. Thermoxidative processes in polysulfone and polycarbonate are of such minor significance as not to impart noticeable losses in these materials below 125°C. In phenoxy, however, thermal oxidation above 100°C results in rapid deterioration of all physical properties. This probably results from the low glass transition temperature of this polymer. Photo-oxidation rapidly degrades polysulfone. This appears to be a consequence of scission at the sulfone link. In polycarbonate, however, the only serious result of short-term irradiation is discoloration. For phenoxy resin, crosslinking through reactions at the hydroxyl group is the principal result of photo-oxidation. In all processes the bisphenol A portion of the three polymers appears to play only a small role.

Oxidation of bisphenol a polymers

The thermal oxidation and photo-oxidation of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) have been examined. Oxidation of the plastic results in the evolution of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and traces of hydrogen, the introduction of considerable crosslinking, and increased absorption in the hydroxyl and carbonyl regions of the infrared spectrum. A free-radical oxidation mechanism is postulated.

Thermal oxidation and photo‐oxidation of poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide)

Spectroscopic analyses of weathered samples and thermal oxidation of the various phases found in ABS resins indicate that these plastics deteriorate most readily through their polybutadiene component. The change in physical properties and color of these resins with age can be correlated with the decomposition of the polybutadiene-containing phases.

Environmental surface effects on ABS resins

A study has been made of the photolysis and photo-oxidation of phenoxy resin. Photolysis results in the evolution of hydrogen, methane, ethane, propene, propane, toluene, and the oxides of carbon. Also observed are increased yellowing, a rapid rise in gel content, and a decrease in intrinsic viscosity and elongation. Photo-oxidation causes similar changes, but produces oxidized chain fragments, more gel, and less yellowing as well as broad absorptions in the hydroxyl and carbonyl regions of the infrared spectrum. A free-radical mechanism is proposed in which both chain scission and crosslinking occur.

Photo-oxidation of phenoxy resin

Experiments with different ABS resins indicate that thermal stability in this class of polymers is dependent upon the ratio of styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer to polybutadiene rubber in the graft phase; resins containing more highly grafted rubber are more resistant to thermal oxidation. It is also found that in outdoor aging there is a minimum carbon black loading for these resins below which light screening is not effective.

Environmental stability of ABS plastics

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