In order to clarify inconsistencies in the literature and to verify assumed ternary solubilities, the phase equilibria in the Y2O3–Al2O3 –SiO2 system at 1600, 1400, and 1300 °C were experimentally determined using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope with attached energy-dispersive detector system (SEM-EDX), and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). Six quasibinary phases were observed: Y4Al2O9 (YAM), YAlO3 (YAP), Y3Al5O12 (YAG), Y2SiO5, Y2Si2O7 (C and D modifications), and ˜3Al2O3· 2SiO2 (mullite). Y4Al2O9 forms an extended ternary solid solution with the formula Y4Al2(1-x)Si2xO9+x (x = 0 2 ˜0.31). The lowest ternary eutectic temperature was determined at 1371 ± 5 °C by high-temperature differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results were compared with previous data available for the Y2O3–Al2O3 –SiO2 system and with data for other RE2O3–Al2O3 –SiO2 (RE = rare earth element) systems.

Phase equilibria and crystal chemistry in the Y2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 system

The phase diagram of the Al2O3–Y2O3 system has been investigated with five different compositions by XRD and in situ high temperature neutron diffractometry. High purity YAG, YAP and YAM compounds have been produced successfully through a melt extraction technique. High temperature neutron diffraction has made it possible to follow, in real time, the reactions involved in this system, especially to determine the temperature range of each reaction, which would have been impossible to determine by other means. A good agreement between the experimental results and the phase diagram of the Al2O3–Y2O3 system has been observed.

http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~mmedraj/papers/al2o3-y2o3%20neutron%20diffraction.pdf

High temperature neutron diffraction study of the Al2O3-Y2O3 system

Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) precursor was synthesized via a coprecipitation method with aluminum nitrate and yttrium nitrate as raw materials, using ammonium hydrogen carbonate (AHC) as the precipitant. Fine and low-agglomerated YAG powder was obtained by calcining the precursor at 1200 °C. The primary crystallites were measured to be ∼120 nm in size and weakly agglomerated to a particle size of ∼500 nm, indicating a high degree of sinterability. With 0.5 wt% tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and 0.1 wt% magnesia as sintering aids, transparent YAG ceramics were fabricated by vacuum sintering at 1730–1790 °C for various hours. The influences of sintering temperature and holding time on the microstructure and transmittance of YAG ceramics were discussed.

Co-precipitation synthesis route to yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) transparent ceramics

From a materials perspective optical fibers are victims of their own success. The advent of the laser, 50 yr ago, coupled with an insatiable demand for information enabled by light-based communications, ushered in a golden age of glass science and engineering. It is somewhat ironic that the staggering ubiquity of information today, which is carried globally and almost instantaneously via optical fibers, is enabled largely by one material—silica—into which only a few components are added. The richness of the Periodic Table has largely been forgotten. The purpose of this study was to rethink the materials that can be used to make commercially relevant optical fibers and describe the extraordinary properties, with stimulated Brillouin scattering being the primary exemplar, of fibers made from otherwise ordinary materials. In particular, this study focuses on the use of the molten core approach to optical fiber fabrication and the novel yet practical fibers that can be produced. This study is purposely provocative and aims to reassert the centrality (and simplicity and beauty) of glass science as the best approach to meet future challenges for high-performance optical fibers.

Rethinking Optical Fiber: New Demands, Old Glasses

The molten core method, whereby a precursor core phase melts at the draw temperature of the cladding glass that encapsulates it, has proven to be a remarkably versatile approach to realize novel optical fibers. Employed globally for both scientific inquiry and practical applications, it is arguably the only approach that leads to long lengths of novel material fiber with both crystalline and glassy cores. This article reviews the history of the process, the ever-broadening range of compositions, the unique applications that have been enabled, and provides a perspective on current challenges and future opportunities.

Perspective: Molten core optical fiber fabrication - A route to new materials and applications

The uses of the five compounds, namely Al2O3, Y3Al5O12, YAlO3, Y4Al2O9 and Y2O3, which occur in the Al2O3-Y2O3 phase system are reviewed and the uncertainties which have pervaded the existence and stability of the three intermediate phases are discussed. It is shown that the major factor which has resolved these uncertainties is the correlation achieved between phase studies and single-crystal growth data, the latter being prompted by the increased device use of the compounds within this phase system.

The uses and enigmas of the Al2O3-Y2O3 phase system

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The uses and enigmas of the Al2O3-Y2O3 phase system