These updated guidelines on the management of variceal haemorrhage have been commissioned by the Clinical Services and Standards Committee (CSSC) of the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) under the auspices of the liver section of the BSG. The original guidelines which this document supersedes were written in 2000 and have undergone extensive revision by 13 members of the Guidelines Development Group (GDG). The GDG comprises elected members of the BSG liver section, representation from British Association for the Study of the Liver (BASL) and Liver QuEST, a nursing representative and a patient representative. The quality of evidence and grading of recommendations was appraised using the AGREE II tool.The nature of variceal haemorrhage in cirrhotic patients with its complex range of complications makes rigid guidelines inappropriate. These guidelines deal specifically with the management of varices in patients with cirrhosis under the following subheadings: (1) primary prophylaxis; (2) acute variceal haemorrhage; (3) secondary prophylaxis of variceal haemorrhage; and (4) gastric varices. They are not designed to deal with (1) the management of the underlying liver disease; (2) the management of variceal haemorrhage in children; or (3) variceal haemorrhage from other aetiological conditions.

https://gut.bmj.com/content/gutjnl/64/11/1680.full.pdf

UK guidelines on the management of variceal haemorrhage in cirrhotic patients

Endoscopic treatment of bleeding gastric varices by N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl) injection: long-term efficacy and safety

1.0 Introduction These guidelines on the management of variceal haemorrhage were commissioned by the British Society of Gastroenterology under the auspices of the Liver Section. They were written in June 1998 and have been corrected and agreed upon by the members of the Liver Section. The nature of variceal haemorrhage in cirrhotic patients with its complex range of complications makes rigid guidelines inappropriate. Over the past few years there have been numerous advances in the management of variceal haemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis. These have included better endoscopic techniques with the widespread availability of video endoscopy, establishment of variceal band ligation, availability of newer drugs such as somatostatin and vasopressin analogues, better surgical techniques, and finally the availability of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPSS). These guidelines deal specifically with the management of varices in patients with cirrhosis and are not designed to address: (1) the management of the underlying liver disease; (2) the management of variceal haemorrhage in children; or (3) variceal haemorrhage from other aetiological conditions.

/pdf/uk-guidelines-on-the-management-of-variceal-haemorrhage-in-53ppd16uh4.pdf

UK guidelines on the management of variceal haemorrhage in cirrhotic patients. British Society of Gastroenterology

"Salvage" Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts: Gastric Fundal Compared With Esophageal Variceal Bleeding

Low Incidence of Complications From Endoscopic Gastric Variceal Obturation With Butyl Cyanoacrylate

We report on our two years' experience with the tissue adhesive n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate. During this period 202 patients suffering from esophagogastric varices were treated endoscopically. With the aid of the tissue adhesive the conventional sclerotherapy with Polidocanol 1% has been clearly improved. Problems concerning early recurrent bleeding and fundic varices are satisfactorily solved. The endoscopic hemostasis of severe variceal bleedings has become safer and surer. The overall hospital mortality of these patients has sunk from 31.5 to 17.5%. Cyanoacrylate is a very useful substance for obliterating large esophagogastric varices. However, the complete elimination of esophageal varices, which is the guarantee for a long-term freedom from recurrent bleeding, can only be achieved by using a genuine sclerosing agent.

N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate: a supplement to endoscopic sclerotherapy.

Direct cholangiography plays an important role in the diagnosis of malignant obstructive jaundice. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is gradually gaining ground over percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Endoscopy can determine the exact location and extent of the obstruction. Typical changes of the ducts are often helpful in interpreting the causes of obstructive jaundice. Representation of the bile and pancreatic duct systems is successful in 95% of cases in the hands of an expert. Acute pancreatitis is a complication occurring in about 1% of cases. Immediate drainage can usually prevent septic complications. Endoscopic drainage is a palliative measure for inoperable patients. Compared to biliodigestive anastomoses, catheters are subject to clogging in the lessrisky, nonsurgical method. Blockage causes late cholangitis which can only be recognized and remedied by regular aftercare of the patient. Endoscopic placement of the prosthesis has an 85% rate of success. The rate of complications related to the procedure is 2%. The mortality rate is 1%.

Malignant Jaundice: Results of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy

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N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate: a supplement to endoscopic sclerotherapy.

Malignant Jaundice: Results of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy