Essential oils (EOs) are now a hot topic in finding modern substitutes for antibiotics. Many studies have shown positive results and confirmed their high antibacterial activity both in vitro and in vivo. Deservedly, there is an attempt to use EOs as a substitute for antibiotics, which are currently limited by legislation in animal breeding. Given the potential of EOs, studies on their fate in the body need to be summarized. The content of EO's active substances varies depending on growing conditions and consequently on processing and storage. Their content also changes dynamically during the passage through the gastrointestinal tract and their effective concentration can be noticeably diluted at their place of action (small intestine and colon). Based on the solubility of the individual EO's active substances, they are eliminated from the body at different rates. Despite a strong antimicrobial effect, some oils can be toxic to the body and cause damage to the liver, kidneys, or gastrointestinal tissues. Reproductive toxicity has been reported for Origanum vulgare and Mentha arvensis. Several publications also address the effect on the genome. It has been observed that EOs can show both genoprotective effects (Syzygium aromaticum) and genotoxicity, as is the case of Cinnamomum camphor. This review shows that although oils are mainly studied as promising antimicrobials, it is also important to assess animal safety.

Essential Oils as a Feed Additives: Pharmacokinetics and Potential Toxicity in Monogastric Animals

Sperm preservation is a crucial factor for the success of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in humans, livestock, and wildlife. Irrespective of the extender and the storage conditions used, semen handling and preservation negatively affect sperm quality. Moreover, oxidative stress, which often arises during semen storage, significantly reduces sperm function and compromises the sperm fertilizing ability by inducing oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Plant extracts have recently emerged as a cheap and natural source of additives to preserve and enhance sperm function during semen storage. The present work provides an update on the use of these natural compounds as alternative additives for sperm preservation in 13 animal species, including humans. A detailed description of the effects of 45 plant species, belonging to 28 families, on sperm function during semen storage is presented. The plant material and extraction method employed, dosage, possible toxic effects, and antimicrobial properties are provided.

Plant Extracts as Alternative Additives for Sperm Preservation.

Antibiotics and their alternatives in Artificial Breeding in livestock.

Infertility is a concern for couples, families and society In almost half of the cases, it is due to male infertility This infertility, in developing countries like Benin, often cured by the use of medicinal plants This study aimed to enlist knowledge about medicinal plants used in the treatment of male infertility in southern Benin An ethnomedicinal investigation has been conducted in southern Benin by questioning traditional healers and market herbalists using the method of semi-structured interview Ethnopharmacological data has been analyzed by ethnobotanical indices such as informant consensus factor (ICF), frequency of citation for each plant species and contribution of each plant to drug recipes 90 respondents including 36 market herbalists and 54 traditional healers participated in this study Data collected allowed us to list 60 plant species belonging to 56 genera and 38 botanical families Informants had a high degree of consensus (ICF = 058) on plants used for treatment of male infertility The most plants cited by market herbalists were Garcinia kola (1009%), Cissus populnea (1009%), Carpolobia lutea (0740%) and the parts of plants most used were roots and fruits For traditional healers, Garcinia kola (1015%), Cyperus esculentus (0609%), Citrus aurantiifiola (0609%) were the most plants cited and parts of plants the most used were leaves and roots This study provided a list of medicinal plants used for the treatment of male infertility in southern Benin Further pharmacological and toxicological studies will assess the therapeutic efficacy of these medicinal plants

Ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plants used in the treatment of male infertility in southern Benin

https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/704852/2/Elmi%20et%20al%20RVS%20IRIS.pdf

Antimicrobial capabilities of non-spermicidal concentrations of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) essential oils on the liquid phase of refrigerated swine seminal doses

Aim This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Rosmarinus officinalis (L.) essential oil on rooster sperm motility during 4°C short-term storage. Materials and Methods R. officinalis essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to identify the active components. 10 of 45-week-old Hubbard commercial broilers were subjected to biweekly semen collections during 3 weeks. At each collection, sperm was pooled and divided into four aliquots and then diluted with Tris extender supplemented with 870, 87, or 8.7 µg/ml of R. officinalis essential oil, identified as treatments R, R5, and R10, respectively. Tris-based extender without any supplementation was considered as a control group. Diluted sperm was then stored at 4°C in the refrigerator and analyzed at 0, 6, 24, and 48 h using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer. Different semen parameters were measured including total motility, progressive motility, gametes velocities (straight line velocity [VSL], curvilinear velocity [VCL], and average path velocity [VAP]), amplitude of the lateral head displacement [ALH], and beat-cross frequency [BCF]. Results The phytochemical analysis of R. officinalis essential oil revealed the presence of 25 active components including seven major molecules: Camphor (18.88%), camphene (5.17%), 1,8-cineole (7.85%), β-thujene (13.66%), α-thujene (4.87%), chrysanthenone (12.05%), and β-cubenene (7.97%). The results showed a beneficial effect of R. officinalis essential oil on sperm cells motility, particularly when using the lowest concentrations, 8.7 and 87 µg/ml. Progressive motility and gametes velocities (VCL, VSL, and VAP), materializing the quality of gametes motility, showed highly statistically significant values (p<0.01) in 8.7 and 87 µg/ml treatments, especially from 6 h of storage at 4°C. Conversely, the highest concentration (870 µg/ml) showed harmful effects with a total spermicidal activity after 24 h of storage. Conclusion The current results revealed the positive impact of R. officinalis essential oil on rooster sperm at 4°C short-term storage probably through fighting against oxidative stress and cold shock damages.

/pdf/effect-of-the-essential-oil-of-rosmarinus-officinalis-l-on-y21gf79wjb.pdf

Effect of the essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis (L.) on rooster sperm motility during 4°C short-term storage.

Reproduction Activity of Flathead Mullet Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Wild Condition in the Northeast of Algeria

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Effect of the essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis (L.) on rooster sperm motility during 4°C short-term storage.

Reproduction Activity of Flathead Mullet Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Wild Condition in the Northeast of Algeria